DENTAL APPLICATION

Fissure sealants are clear, low-viscosity, photocurable liquids, based on a mixture of fefrafunctional and difuncfional mefhacrylafes. Other dental photocurable materials are cements, adhesives, and denture base resins.  

Glas-ionomer cements are acid-based materials (using, e.g., polyacrylic acid), whose setting reaction involves neutralization of the acid groups by powdered solid bases (calcium fluoro-aluminosilicate glasses). Resin-modified glass ionomer cements are hybrid materials prepared by the incorporation of polymerizable components such as 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate.  

Favorable attention has been drawn to polymer composites in the field of dental restorative materials because of their tailored load bearing capability characteristics. An increasing number of applications varying from dental restoration posts to maxillofacial implants and dental fixtures are reported for what an experienced scientist would call traditional fiber-reinforced composites. This is just a measure of the advancement of the composite technology nowadays. 

Recently, in 2004, Macedo et al. [ 126] also compared microbial cellulose and polytet-rafluoroethylene (PTFE) as physical barriers to treat bone defects in adult rabbits. In the study, two osseous defects of 8 mm in diameter were performed in each hindfoot of the animal. The left hindfeet were protected with Gengiflex, while the wounds created at the right hindfeet were covered with PTFE barriers. The histological evaluation of the treatments after 3 months revealed that defects covered with PTFE barriers were completely repaired with bone tissue, whereas incomplete lamellar bone formation was observed in defects treated with Gengiflex membranes. The study hence demonstrated that compared to microbial cellulose membrane, nonporous PTFE barrier is more effective to treat osseous. 

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Other applications of zirconium tetrafluoride are in molten salt reactor experiments as a catalyst for the fluorination of chloroacetone to chlorofluoroacetone (17,18) as a catalyst for olefin polymerization (19) as a catalyst for the conversion of a mixture of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and ammonia (in the ratio of 1 1 3 3) to pyridine (20) as an inhibitor for the combustion of NH CIO (21) in rechargeable electrochemical cells (22) and in dental applications (23) (see Dentalmaterials). 

Only two of these materials are of practical importance the zinc polycarboxylate cement of Smith (1968) and the glass-ionomer cement of Wilson Kent (1971). Both are used in dental applications and both have been used as bone cements. The glass-ionomer cement is, perhaps, the most versatile of all AB cements. It has many applications in dentistry a... 

Biomaterials are synthetic and naturally occurring materials that are foreign to the body but are used to replace a diseased organ or tissue or augment or assist a partially functioning organ or tissue. Cardiovascular, orthopedic, and dental applications are some of the most common areas in which biomaterials are employed. 

Synthesis and Properties of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials for Bone and Dental Applications... 

On the basis of the sol-gel process, much more attention has been paid to silicate-containing Class II hybrids, also referred to as organically modified silicas, ormosils. In this section, the synthesis of some of the most characteristic ormosils for bone and dental applications are described. 

Halloysite is a biocompatible material but its biodegradability is unclear. Therefore, its usage in medicine may be restricted for dermatological and dental applications or those associated with medical implants [11-14]. 

Gallium alloys, dental applications, 8 304 Gallium aluminum arsenide, 3 270 Gallium antimonide, 3 53, 58 Gallium-arsenic (GaAs) photodiodes, 79 156... 

Nickel-chromium alloys, 77 100-101 dental applications, 8 308, 310 Nickel-chromium-iron alloys, 73 519, 522 Nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy C, in galvanic series, 7 805t... 

ASTM specifications for, 24 862-864 dental applications, 8 311-314 defects in, 24 855 fatigue behavior of, 24 841, 845 hip implants, 3 734 mechanical properties of, 24 841, 843-844t... 

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