Bismuth tests

The Mn is readily identified in the precipitate by dissolving it in dilute HN03 and a little H202 and applying the sodium bismuthate test. 

Owing to the iodide content of the reagent solution, the bismuth test is affected by the presence of cupric, lead and mercury salts. Nevertheless, within certain limits, the test for bismuth may be carried out in the presence... 

The sensitivities of the bismuth test on filter paper, using capillary separation from the other metals, are ... 

Valves. The standard-stem packed gate valves used in early NEPA bismuth tests [26] proved that special valves would be required for successful liquid-bismuth operation. High leakage rates through the packing caused maintenance difficulties throughout the tests. 

Bismuth standard solution (quantitative color test for Bi) dissolve 1 g of bismuth in a mixture of 3 mL of concentrated HNO3 and 2.8 mL of H2O and make up to 100 mL with glycerol. Also dissolve 5 g of KI in 5 mL of water and make up to 100 mL with glycerol. The two solutions are used together in the colorimetric estimation of Bi. 

The presence of manganese can be detected by formation of the purple MnO upon oxidation using bismuth or periodate in acidic solution. A very sensitive test is the reaction of and formaldoxime hydrochloride in aqueous alkaline solution, which also leads to the production of a purple MnO ... 

Vanadium is resistant to attack by hydrochloric or dilute sulfuric acid and to alkali solutions. It is also quite resistant to corrosion by seawater but is reactive toward nitric, hydrofluoric, or concentrated sulfuric acids. Galvanic corrosion tests mn in simulated seawater indicate that vanadium is anodic with respect to stainless steel and copper but cathodic to aluminum and magnesium. Vanadium exhibits corrosion resistance to Hquid metals, eg, bismuth and low oxygen sodium. 

The effect of impurities in either structural material or corrosive material is so marked (while at the same time it may be either accelerating or decelerating) that for rehable results the actual materials which it is proposed to use should be tested and not types of these materials. In other words, it is much more desirable to test the actual plant solution and the actual metal or nonmetal than to rely upon a duphcation of either. Since as little as 0.01 percent of certain organic compounds will reduce the rate of solution of steel in sulfuric acid 99.5 percent and 0.05 percent bismuth in lead will increase the rate of corrosion over 1000 percent under certain conditions, it can be seen how difficult it would be to attempt to duplicate here all the significant constituents. 

Bismuth Niobium is resistant to bismuth at temperatures up to 560°C but is attacked at higher temperatures and is therefore not considered a suitable container for handling liquid bismuth even under oxygen-free conditions Furthermore, the stress-rupture properties of niobium are significantly lowered when the metal is tested in molten bismuth at 815°C . 

Uranium Short-term tests indicate that the practical upper limit for niobium as a container material for uranium is about 1 400°C . Niobium is dissolved in a uranium-bismuth alloy in less than lOOh at a temperature of 800°C". Uranium eutectics with iron, manganese or nickel, corroded niobium at 800°C and 1 000°C It is significantly attacked by uranium-chromium at 1 000°C . 

Into a conical flask, pipette a 50.0 or 100.0 mL aliquot of the solution and adjust the pH to 1-2 with aqueous ammonia solution (use pH test-paper). Add five drops of xylenol orange indicator and titrate with additional 0.05 M EDTA until the colour changes sharply from red to yellow. This gives the bismuth content. Record the total (combined) volume of EDTA solution used. Now add small amounts of hexamine (ca 5g) until an intense red-violet coloration persists, and titrate with the standard EDTA to a yellow end point the further consumption of EDTA corresponds to the lead-plus-cadmium content. 

Saturday, December 19, 1942. Today Thompson tested the use of bismuth phosphate as a carrier for 94 in its reduced state with rather encouraging results. Upon precipitating relatively high concentrations of bismuth (15-25 mg per 10 cc) as bismuth phosphate from 20% UNH solution, he finds the 94 to be carried to the extent of more than 85%. The bismuth phosphate precipitates are slow in forming and require digestion at temperatures of the order of 75°C. 

In view of Thompson s results on the carrying of Pu+I by bismuth phosphate, Cunningham and Werner made an immediate test today to see whether it is carried at a ratio of Bi+3 Pu+1 of about 100 1. Their results indicate that under conditions similar to those of Thompson s experiment, the Pu+I> is carried to the extent of 98%. This was fast work and illustrates the pace at which our group is now working. They also made a test of the carrying of Pu+I> by hafnium phosphate at a ratio of Hf Pu of 100 1 and they find that about 90% of the Pu is carried. 

The reason for the ultramicrochemical test was to establish whether the bismuth phosphate would carry the plutonium at the concentrations that would exist at the Hanford extraction plant. This test was necessary because it did not seem logical that tripositive bismuth should be so efficient in carrying tetrapositive plutonium. In subsequent months there was much skepticism on this point and the ultramicrochemists were forced to make repeated tests to prove this point. Thompson soon showed that Pu(Vl) was not carried by bismuth phosphate, thus establishing that an oxidation-reduction cycle would be feasible. All the various parts of the bismuth-phosphate oxidation-reduction procedure, bulk reduction via cross-over to a rare earth fluoride oxidation-reduction step and final isolation by precipitation of plutonium (IV) peroxide were tested at the Hanford concentrations of... 

Self-Test 1.12A Write the ground-state configuration of a bismuth atom. 

Alloy samples weighing either 100 or 25 g. were prepared by melting weighed amounts of lead and thallium together. The c. p. granular test lead, free from silver, gold and bismuth (Fisher Scientific Company), was indicated by spectroscopic examination to contain approximately 0-005 % iron, 0-001 % thallium and 0-001 % copper. The thallium used was supplied by the Varlacoid Company. Spectroscopic examination showed the presence of approximately 0-01 % lead, 0-005 % iron, and 0-001 % copper. 

The silver gray metal can be cut with a knife, although it only melts at 1545 °C (for comparison, iron 1538 °C). It is the rarest of the "rare earths", but is nevertheless more abundant than iodine, mercury, and silver. Thulium has few applications, especially because it is relatively expensive. The element occurs naturally as a single isotope, namely 169Tm (compare bismuth). The artificial, radioactive 170Tm is a transportable source of X-rays for testing materials. Occasionally used in laser optics and microwave technology. 

The hydrides of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth are unstable at elevated temperature. The Marsh test for arsenic depends on this instability when an arsenic mirror forms as arsine is passed through a heated tube ... 

Wang Dianzuo, Sun Shuiyu, Li Baidan, Huang Kaiguo, Bai Shibin, 1993a. Design and test of flotation and separation flowsheets for molybdenum, bismuth and iron sulphides. J. CSIMM, 24(3) 306-311 (in Chinese)... 

Boettger stest analychem A test for the presence of saccharides, utilizing the reduction of bismuth subnitrate to metallic bismuth, a precipitate. bet.gorz. test bohrlum chem A synthetic chemical element, symbolized Bh, atomic number 107 ... 

Nylander reagent chem A solution of Rochelle salt (potassium sodium tartrate), potassium or sodium hydroxide, and bismuth subnitrate in water used to test for sugar in urine. m-lon-dor re,a-(3nt ... 

Procedure To 5.7 M hydrochloric acid (2 ml) are added the test solution containing Tc04T, bismuth amalgam and a 5% aqueous solution of K4[Fe(CN)fe]. 

Helidac therapy combines bismuth subsalicylate, metronidazole, and tetracycline in a consumer-tested, patient-friendly kit. 

Initial investigations in the Mannich-type reaction of silyl enolates with benzal-dehyde and aniline employed a series of bismuth(III) salts (Scheme 9, Table 10). These results were promising because the corresponding (l-amino ketone could be obtained in moderate to good yield with bismuth halides, except bismuth fluoride (Table 10, entries 1 1). Bismuth nitrate smoothly afforded the expected product (Table 10, entry 5). While bismuth acetate gave no conversion, bismuth trifluor-oacetate provided the product in only moderate yield (Table 10, entries 6 and 7). Phenyl bismuth ditriflate and diphenyl bismuth triflate appeared to be more efficient catalysts than all those previously tested (Table 10, entries 8 and 9). Bismuth(III) triflate led to the expected product in a good yield and in a short reaction time, without any difference between the anhydrous and the hydrated form (Table 10, entries 10 and 11). 

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