Fast works

In view of Thompson s results on the carrying of Pu+I by bismuth phosphate, Cunningham and Werner made an immediate test today to see whether it is carried at a ratio of Bi+3 Pu+1 of about 100 1. Their results indicate that under conditions similar to those of Thompson s experiment, the Pu+I> is carried to the extent of 98%. This was fast work and illustrates the pace at which our group is now working. They also made a test of the carrying of Pu+I> by hafnium phosphate at a ratio of Hf Pu of 100 1 and they find that about 90% of the Pu is carried. 

Carborundum is rjsed mainly for fast work when much glass needs to be removed, and for grinding quartz. It is cheaper and harder than emery. It can be graded by particle size the coarsest normally used is 90 mesh. The medium size is about 180 mesh, and the fine about 300 mesh, with very fine of 600 and 900 mesh this last is usually unnecessary since better results can be obtained with jeweller s rouge. Carborundum is also often graded in F numbers F consists of 240 mesh and finer 2F of 280 and finer and 3F of 320 mesh and finer. Carborundum is used in the same way as emery, and has the advantage that carborundum wheels and blocks can be obtained. 

From the completion of addition of the sodium ethoxide solution to the steam distillation, fast work is advantageous, and all equipment should be in readiness before the addition is started. Allowing the solution to stand before addition of the tartaric acid may cause darkening and formation of gummy material. It is important that the solution should remain slightly acid during the steam distillation. 

If the (+)-TOtating menthyl ester la is used for this reaction the (+)-methyl ester 2a is obtained. In the same way the (—)-menthyl ester lb can be converted to the (—)-methyl ester 2Z>7,8. Short reaction times and fast work up are necessary because the menthyl esters as well as the methyl and ethyl derivatives racemize in solution7,8 (Section 4.1). 

With fast working it is important to have provision for swift (preferably automatic) shut-down when tools bind or for any reason workpieces come out of alignment. Once again, safety shields and grilles should be present, and designed to stop the escape even of small pieces (not just a component in entirety). 

Work pressure is also related to the rate of work, or work pace. A very fast work pace that requires all of the employee s resources and sldUs to keep up wiU produce work pressure and stress. This is exacerbated when this condition occurs often. An important job-design consideration is to allow the employee to control the pace of the work rather than having this controlled automatically by the computer. This will provide a pressure valve to deal with perceived work pressure. 

Dynamic work function measurements showed a high reactivity of metallic rare earth film surfaces towards water vapor (Strasser et al. 1982). The initial fast work function decrease (fig. 10) indicates the rapid build-up of a surface dipole layer with the positive charge pointing away from the surface. This can be explained by a surface layer of OH groups. In contrast to the XPS results of Padalia et al. (1976) the work function curves show a similar behavior for Er and Yb. 

Individuals are nof only held accoxmtable, perhaps even "disciplined," for their own injuries but also for fhe injuries of others, even employees outside their immediate work group. They are often blamed for injuries caused by a number of factors outside their control, such as at-risk environmental conditions or equipment, excessive workloads, system contingencies causing a fast work pace, and a culture that supports "rugged individualism" and thwarts group cohesion and a "brothers/sisters keepers" perspective. 

In many cases, fast-developing changes of state in a gas phase will be adiabatic or near-adiabatic, so that an approximate description of the process can be given with the adiabatic equations (3.37). For example, this applies to changes of pressure in sound waves, combustion and explosion processes in gases, and changes of pressure in fast-working gas compressors. 

Wheeled vehicles—carts, wagons, trains, and later trucks and automobiles—and ships, of course, made relatively fast work of transporting materials from the mine to the factory, and then to the consumer. Aside from enabling a massive increase in metal production— particularly lead, iron and steel— the Industrial Revolution also saw innovations in chemistry, gas utilities and Ughting, cement, glass, paper, transportation infrastructure (such as railways), and mining. 

A connnon feature of all mass spectrometers is the need to generate ions. Over the years a variety of ion sources have been developed. The physical chemistry and chemical physics communities have generally worked on gaseous and/or relatively volatile samples and thus have relied extensively on the two traditional ionization methods, electron ionization (El) and photoionization (PI). Other ionization sources, developed principally for analytical work, have recently started to be used in physical chemistry research. These include fast-atom bombardment (FAB), matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) and electrospray ionization (ES). 

The LIN method (described below) was constructed on the premise of filtering out the high-frequency motion by NM analysis and using a large-timestep implicit method to resolve the remaining motion components. This technique turned out to work when properly implemented for up to moderate timesteps (e.g., 15 Is) [73] (each timestep interval is associated with a new linearization model). However, the CPU gain for biomolecules is modest even when substantial work is expanded on sparse matrix techniques, adaptive timestep selection, and fast minimization [73]. Still, LIN can be considered a true long-timestep method. 

The nervous systems and especially the brains of animals and humans work very fast, efficiently, and highly in parallel. They consist of networked neurons which work together and interchange signals with one another. This section describes the functionality of a biological neuron and explains the model of an artificial neuron. 

The chemistry of stable, long-lived (or persistent) carbocations, as they became known, thus began and its progress was fast and widespread. Publication of research done in an industrial laboratory is not always easy. 1 would therefore like to thank again the Dow Chemical Company for allowing me not only to carry out the work but eventually also to publish the results. 

As mentioned, we also carried out IR studies (a fast vibrational spectroscopy) early in our work on carbocations. In our studies of the norbornyl cation we obtained Raman spectra as well, although at the time it was not possible to theoretically calculate the spectra. Comparison with model compounds (the 2-norbornyl system and nortri-cyclane, respectively) indicated the symmetrical, bridged nature of the ion. In recent years, Sunko and Schleyer were able, using the since-developed Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) method, to obtain the spectrum of the norbornyl cation and to compare it with the theoretically calculated one. Again, it was rewarding that their data were in excellent accord with our earlier work. 

Winning the Nobel Prize inevitably brings with it, besides a brief period of wider publicity (which in America evaporates particularly fast), a steady stream of invitations, varied honors and recognitions, as well as more general public involvement. Professors and scientists in American life are usually not exactly at the top of the social ladder, nor are they used to much recognition. Personally, I rather like this, because it helps not to attach overgrown significance to one s importance, keeps one humanized, and, most important, allows one to stay centered without much distraction from one s work. It was, therefore,... 

Microscopy (qv) plays a key role in examining trace evidence owing to the small size of the evidence and a desire to use nondestmctive testing (qv) techniques whenever possible. Polarizing light microscopy (43,44) is a method of choice for crystalline materials. Microscopy and microchemical analysis techniques (45,46) work well on small samples, are relatively nondestmctive, and are fast. Evidence such as sod, minerals, synthetic fibers, explosive debris, foodstuff, cosmetics (qv), and the like, lend themselves to this technique as do comparison microscopy, refractive index, and density comparisons with known specimens. Other microscopic procedures involving infrared, visible, and ultraviolet spectroscopy (qv) also are used to examine many types of trace evidence. 

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