Biobased material

Finlay, M.R. (2004). Old efforts at new uses a brief history of chemurgy and the American search for biobased materials. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 7(3-4), 33 6. 

Chum HL. Polymers from Biobased Materials. Park Ridge, NJ Noyes Data Corp. 1991. 

Kosbar LL, Gelorme JD, Japp RM et al (2000) Introducing biobased materials into the electronics industry. J Ind Ecol 4 93-105... 

Chum, H. L., Structural Materials for the Automobile of the Future—Composite Materials, in Assessment of Biobased Materials, H. L. Chum (Ed.), pp. 1.1-1.19, Solar Energy Res. Inst., Rpt. No. SERI/TR-234-3650, Dept, of Energy, Golden, CO, 1989. 

Biobased materials, which are diverse in nature, chemistry, and properties, expand the possibilities to tailor-made films for packaging in the food industry. Biobased materials used in the production of hlms are shown in Figure 1(1). 

Figure 1. Biobased materials used in the film preparation grouped based on origin/method of production [adapted from Weber (1)].

Polysaccharides are important biobased materials with applications spanning the whole range of cheap commodity plastics to advanced medical applications. The major limitations of the usage of polysaccharides in these applications is the... 

In another publication (10), we indicated that compound 2 can undergo hydrolysis and possibly other derivatization reactions. In this paper, we have followed up on that work and carried out several reactions, particularly with enzymes, in order to fully explore the chemistry and the utility of these new biobased materials. 

Biodegradable plastics based on lactic acid have been available on a small scale for many years. They have been used In applications such as medical implants, but their high price was a deterrent to widespread use in lower value applications such as packaging. However, new technologies for production of lactide monomers greatly lowered costs, making the polymers much more competitive. Generally, the lactic acid is obtained from corn or other biobased materials by a fermentation process, and then chemical synthesis is used to produce the polymer from the lactic acid or lactide monomers. 

There has also been increased interest in the use of biobased materials, which may or may not be biodegradable. What are the main advantages and disadvantages of the use of biobased plastics ... 

The phenomena of fashion aside, the aim of this chapter is to touch on the increasingly marked impact of plastics on our environment, but also and above all to put forward solutions to minimize the footprint of such materials. Maity publications on the subject are available, to which readers can refer if they wish for further detail on these concepts pUV 04, ROB 03], After a few general points about the lifecycle of plastics, two concrete examples of ecoplastics are presented one based on biobased materials, and the other solely on recycled synthetic materials. 

SAD 12] Sadler J.M., Nguyen A.P., Greer S.M, etal, Synthesis and characterization of a novel bio-based reactive diluent as a styrene replacement . Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy, vol. 6, pp. 86-93, 2012. 

Dissanayake, N.P.J., Summerscales, J., Grove, S.M., Singh, M.M., 2009h. Life cycle impact assessment of flax fibre for the reinforcement of composites. Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 3 (3), 245—248. 

Dhabhai R., Chamasia S.R and Dalai A.K. Efficient bioethanol production from glucose-xylose mixtures using co-culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilized on Canadian pine wood chips and free Pichia stipitis. Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 6 (5) (2012) 594-600. 

Innovative technologies and competitive industrial products are reducing the dependence on petrochemicals for the production of polymers. Increasing concerns about the deteriorating environment caused by conventional polymers have directed worldwide research toward renewable resources. Therefore, biobased materials are receiving wide attention and the polymer synthesis from these natural sources affords an alternative route. 

Rowell, R.M. Recent Advances in Lignocellulosic-Derived Composites. In Chun, H.L (ed.) Polymers from Biobased Materials Noyes Data Corp., New Jersey (1991)... 

The world market prices for the petroleum- and biobased components are in the same range for raw materials and intermediates, but when using the biobased compounds for production of the petroleum-based intermediates, they will face the disadvantage to have to compete on a cost basis against processes which have been optimized for a long time, and which often run on depreciated capital. Further it becomes obvious that the amount of the recently available biobased materials will not be sufficient to meet the demands of biofuel production and the chemical industry. Additionally most of the biobased substrates recently used as substrates for microbial fermentations are in competition with food and feed and may not be used in big scale in future for the production of biofuels and chemicals. 

Thielemans, W. and Wool, R.P. (2004) Butyrated kraft lignin as compatibilizing agent for natural fiber reinforced thermoset composites. Composites Part A Applied Science and Manufacturing, 35,327-338. Satheesh Kumar, M.N., Mohanty, A.K., Erickson, L. and Misra, M. (2009) Lignin and its applications with polymers. Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy, 3, 1-24. 

Haugaard, V.K., Udsen, A.M., Hoegh, L. et al. (2001) Potential Food Applications of Biobased Materials an EU-concerted Action Project. Starch, S3, 189-200. 

Xiang, C., loo, Y.L., Prey, M.W (2009) Nanocomposite fibers electrospun from poly(Lactic Acid)/cellulose nanocrystals. Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy, 3, 147-155. 

Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, from 1990-1992. His research interests fall in the areas of delivery systems from naturally occurring polymers for the controlled release of bioactive substances, functional composites from biomass or biobased materials, smart packaging technology and material, and biomedical devices for tissue regeneration, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications. 

Biobased Materials/Recycling Center, Department of Wood Science and Forest Products, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061... 

Narayan, R. In Assessment of Biobased Materials H. L. Chum, ed.. Solar Energy Research Institute, Colorado SERI/TR-234-3610, 1989, pg. 7.1-7.25. 

H. Chum, Polymers from biobased materials, Noyes Data Corp., Park Ridge, N.J, 1991. 

The recent developments in the field of renewable fibers and biobased materials for packaging applications have been extensively reviewed (24). 

Brown, R.M. Jr. 1991. Advances in cellulose biosynthesis. In Polymers from Biobased Materials, ed. H.L. Chum, pp. 122-127. Park Ridge, NJ Doyes Data Corp. 

Different kinds of biobased polymeric materials are available all around the globe. These biobased materials are procured from different biorenewable resources. Chapters 2-10 primarily focus on the use of different types of lignocellulosic fiber-reinforced composites, starting from wood fibers to hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Chapter 3 summarizes some of the recent research on different lignocellulosic fiber-reinforced polymer composites in the Southeast region of the world, while Chapter 6 summarizes the research on some typical Brazilian lignocellulosic fiber composites. The polymers obtained from biopolymers are frequently referred to as biobased... 

These environmentally-friendly products include biodegradable and biobased materials based on annually renewable agricultural and biomass feedstock [2], which in turn would not contribute to the shortage of petroleum sources [3]. Biocomposites, which... 

Along with these, researchers have also focused their work on the processing of nanocomposites (materials with nanosized reinforcement) of biobased materials to improve their physical properties. Analogous to orthodox composites, nanocomposites also use a matrix where the nanosized reinforcement elements are dispersed. The reinforcement is cmrently achieved by a nanoparticle, where at least one of its dimensions is lower than 100 nm. This particular feature provides nanocomposites with unique and outstanding properties never found in conventional composites. Biobased nanocomposites are the next generation of materials. 

C. Johansson, J. Bras, I. Mondragon, P. Nechita, D. Plackett, P. Simon, D.G. Svetec, S. Virtanen, M.G. Baschetti, C. Breen, F. Clegg, and S. Aucejo, Renewable fibers and biobased materials for packaging applications-a review of recent developments. Bioresource 7(2), 2506-2552, 2012. 

M.A. Paglicawan, B.A. Basilia, M.T.V. Navarro, C.S. Emolaga, Influence of nanoclay on the properties of thermoplastic starch/poly(lactic acid) blends. Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 7 (1) (2012) 102-107. 

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