Tissue regeneration

Other surgical implants are essentially plastic repair products for worn out parts of the body. It is possible to conceive of major replacements of an entire organ such as a kidney or a heart by combining the plastic skills with tissue regeneration efforts that may extend life. This is used to time the heart action. Extensively used are plastic corrugated, fiber (silicone or TP polyester) braided aortas (24). 

In summary, the lysophospholipids are local mediators that regulate development, tissue regeneration and homoeostasis, but also play a role in inflammation, arteriosclerosis and cancer. 

Stock et al. used P4HB scaffolds and tissue engineered the patch with a porosity of 95% and pore sizes in the range of 180-240 p,m by salt-leaching and solvent evaporation. The sheep autologous cells (endothelial, smooth muscle, and fibroblast cells) were seeded on the scaffold before implantation. Results confirmed that the cell-seeded implants induced progressive tissue regeneration with no thrombus formation, stenosis, or dilatation. 

Lutolf MP, Lauer-Fields JL, Schmoekel HG et al (2003) Synthetic matrix metalloproteinase-sensitive hydrogels for the conduction of tissue regeneration Engineering cell-invasion characteristics. Proc Natl Acad Sci 100 5413-5418... 

Yannas, l V Tissue Regeneration Templates Based on Collagen-GIycosaminoglycan Copolymers. Vol. 122, pp, 219-244. 

Despite the evidence for the cytotoxicity of CNTs, there are an increasing number of published studies that support the potential development of CNT-based biomaterials for tissue regeneration (e.g., neuronal substrates [143] and orthopedic materials [154—156]), cancer treatment [157], and drug/vaccine delivery systems [158, 159]. Most of these applications will involve the implantation and/or administration of such materials into patients as for any therapeutic or diagnostic agent used, the toxic potential of the CNTs must be evaluated in relation to their potential benefits [160]. For this reason, detailed investigations of the interactions between CNTs/CNT-based implants and various cell types have been carried out [154, 155, 161]. A comprehensive description of such results, however, is beyond the scope of this chapter. Extensive reviews on the biocompatibility of implantable CNT composite materials [21, 143, 162] and of CNT drug-delivery systems [162] are available. 

Design of Bioactive Nano-hybrids for Bone Tissue Regeneration... 

Bioactive glasses are currently used as granulate for bone and dental grafting in small defects, or as powder incorporated into toothpaste. Although silica-based bioactive glasses meant an extraordinary advance in the field of bone tissue regeneration, their application as pieces for medium and large defects is not possible due to their very poor mechanical properties. 

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