Nanocomposite fibers

Fig. 2 (a, b) TEM images of AgCl/PVP nanocomposite fibers, (c) Electron diffraction patterns of composite nanofibers, (d) Size distributions of AgCl nanoparticles in composite nanofibers... 

Journal of Materials Science 38, No. 10,15th May 2003, p.2143-7 PREPARATION OF NANOCOMPOSITE FIBERS FOR PERMANENT ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT... 

Nanomaterials are a new class of research material that have been tested for enzyme immobilization. Sawicka et al. measured urea concentration by using nanocomposite fibers of urease and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) [146]. Biocomposite nanotibers were prepared by electrospinning a solution in which urease and PVP were dissolved, leading to improvement in response time and sensitivity. 

Bactericidal Assessment on Cast and Electrospun P(3HB)-50 wt % no2 Nanocomposite Fibers... 

Flexible and weaveable capacitor wire based on a carbon nanocomposite fiber. Adv. Mater. 25, 5965-5970. Copyright 2013, Wiley-VCH. (C) Reproduced with permission from reference Cal, ZB., Li, L, Ren, J., Qiu, L.B., Lin, HJ., Peng, H.S., 2013. Flexible, weavable and efficient microsupercapacrtor wires based on polyaniline composite fibers incorporated with aligned carbon nanotubes. J. Mater. Chem. A 1, 258-261. Copyright 2013, The Royal Society of Chemistry. (D) Reproduced with permission from reference Ren, J., Li, L, Chen, C, Chen, X.L., Cai, Z.B., Qiu, L.B., Wang, Y.G., Zhu,... 

Ren, J., Bai, W.Y., Guan, G.Z., Zhang, Y, Peng, H.S., 2013a. Flexible and weaveable capacitor wire based on a carbon nanocomposite fiber. Adv. Mater. 25,5965-5970. 

Electrospinning processes are used to prepare nanocomposite fiber mats. In order to prepare nanocomposite fiber mats, mixtures containing the polymer solution and cellulose whiskers solution are placed in the appropriated electrospinning setup. Peresin et al. [128] have produced nanocomposite mats of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals using this electrospinning technique. Smooth nonwoven mats with homogeneous nanofibers were obtained. Park et al. [129] have also incorporated cellulose whiskers into nanofibers of polyethylene oxide (PEO) by the electrospiiming process. 

Watthanaphanit, A., Supaphol, P., Tamura, H., Tokura, S., Rujiravanit, R. Fabrication, structure and properties of chitin whisker-reinforced alginate nanocomposite fibers. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 110, 890-899 (2008)... 

Xiang, C., loo, Y.L., Prey, M.W (2009) Nanocomposite fibers electrospun from poly(Lactic Acid)/cellulose nanocrystals. Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy, 3, 147-155. 

D. M. Wilson, D. C. Lueneburg, and S. L. Lieder, High Temperature Properties ofNextel 610 and Alumina-Based Nanocomposite Fibers, Ceram. Eng. Sci. Proc., 14 [7-8] 609-621 (1993). 

Figure 2.5 SEM images of [a] electrospun PVA nanofibers and [b] TiOj/ PVA nanocomposite fibers. Reprinted with permission from Ref 56. Copyright 2011 Wiiey Periodicais, Inc.

Asmatulu R., Ceylan M., and Nuraje, N., Study of superhydrophobic electrospun nanocomposite fibers for energy systems, Langmuir, 2011, 27, 504-507, D01 10.1021/lal03661c. 

The 0 is the angle at which the CNTs lie within the fiber with respect to the fiber axis. / is the angle of the nanocomposite fiber with respect to the laser beam during Raman spectroscopy. 

Nanocomposite fibers have been produced by compounding a semi-aromatic poly(m-xylene adipamide) with an organophilic montmorillonite [61]. Partially oriented fibers of the nanocomposite were obtained by melt spinning on a mulfifilament fiber extrusion system. The effect of the drawing velocity on... 

It has been established that electrospinning a polymer solution containing well-dispersed carbon nanotubes leads to nanocomposite fibers with the embedded carbon nanotubes oriented parallel to the nanofiber axis due to the large shear forces in a fast fiber-drawing process. Table 1 lists most of the polymer/CNT composite nanofibers produced by electrospining, along with their fiber diameters and tensile properties. 

In the last few decades, polymeric materials have found many applications and govern a major part of our day-to-day life. The polymeric materials are strong, lightweight, and easily processable with cost-effective techniques [1]. However, the properties of the pure polymeric materials limit their application in diversified fields. The introduction of filler materials into the polymer matrix generates properties superior to those of individual components. The combination forms a single system the polymer nanocomposites exhibit improved strength, stiffness and dimensional stability with adequate physical properties compared to pure ploymer. These nanocomposites can be of different types such as ceramic-based nanocomposites, fiber-reinforced nanocomposites, polymer-clay nanocomposites, etc. 

The thermogravimetric analysis on TiO -polypropylene nanocomposite fibers show an increase in thermal degradation temperature for nanocomposite system compared to pristine polypropylene [67]. This improvement is attributed to the good adhesion between PP and TiO. Good interfacial adhesion between the particles and the polymer helps the nanoparticle to effectively restrict the motion of the polymer chain. It makes the fragmentation of the polymer chain harder at lower temperature and. shifts the degradation temperature to the higher side. 

In the present chapter, different uses of nanocomposites in structural composites are presented. They can be used in the polymer matrix as nano-reinforcements or in the interfadal region in conventional composites in order to mainly improve interlaminar strength, and hence to avoid delamination. They can also exist in the form of nanocomposite fibers as reinforcement in all-polymer composites or directly as self-reiifforced nanocomposites. 

A huge number of works have been reported regarding the properties and use of nano-scaled particles to improve engineering materials. In addition to research works about textile nanocomposite fibers, several investigations have also been carried out focusing on their use in structural applications [11]. However, up to now, the number of works in this area is still limited. 

Different uses of nanoreinforcements in structural composites were presented such as nanocomposite fibers, nano-enhancements in conventional composites, nano-enhancements in all-polymer composites and singlepolymer nanocomposites. 

The use of nanocomposite fibers as reinforcement of self-reinforced polymers also seems appealing to enhance not only interfacial adhesion and the subsequent processing window, but also to improve fiber properties and therefore the final material s mechanical performance. 

Jose, M. V., Dean, D., T5mer, J., Price, G., and Nyairo, E. 2007. Polypropylene/carbon nanotube nanocomposite fibers Process-morphology-property relationships. 

McIntosh, D., Khabashesku, V. N., and Barrera, E. V. 2006. Nanocomposite fiber systems processed from fluorinated single-walled nanotubes and a polypropylene matrix. Chemistry of Materials 18 4561-4569. 

Key words ballistic fibers, micro-Raman spectroscopy, nanotechnology, reinforcement mechanisms, reinforcing polymer nanocomposite fibers. 

In this section, we are going to discuss the evolution of bullet-proof vest materials. Why did these materials develop from bulky or whole pieces of materials into fibers, then, potentially, nanocomposite fibers What is the driving force for the changes What are the properties of these materials What are the technologies used for material fabrication What are the limitations of these materials All these questions will be probed in this section. 

---