Backup features

Backup features can be incorporated to provide additional operation security. Emergency run-down bearings (Eigure 6-2) prevent damage in die case of unforeseen power interruptions or electronic failures. 

Examples of such backup features are given for each utility below. In designs where all pressure rehef valves discharge into a closed collection system, because of environmental restrictions, a total failure of one utility deserves more careful consideration since there are no atmospheric releases which would tend to relieve the load on the closed system. 

As discussed above, adequate backup features must be included to reduce the probability of such a major failure to an acceptably low level and balanced against the consequences, should such a failure occur. The following backup arrangements are normally required as a minimum ... 

As discussed above, the probability of these major failures must be reduced to an acceptable low level by appropriate backup features. "The following should be considered as minimum requirements ... 

Approved Independent Backup (AIB) - A secondary non-electrical/instrument safety layer, such as a relief valve used to prevent over pressure in a vessel. This feature will protect against a hazard If the Basic Process Control System fails. An event classification based on the existence of an Approved Independent Backup assumes that the process will be operational only when the Approved independent Backup features are operational. The backup should have the following features ... 

Adequate backup features are required to minimize the impact of cooling water failure. The following are minimum requirements that should be considered in the system design ... 

Fuel - Fuel supplies to boilers, furnaces, gas turbine and engine drivers, etc., are designed with features such as multiple fuels, propane vaporizer backup, and a liquid fuel surge tank, to promote reliabihty. The failure of any one fuel to a process unit or utihty generation facihty is used as the basis for evaluating a potential overpressure. 

The battery, which features a high (3.6 V) operating voltage and wide operating temperature range (-55 to 85 °C) can serve as a memory backup power source. Table 9 shows their specifications (381. 

The battery features an operating voltage of 1.5-3 V. The energy density of the VG2025 (diameter 20.0 mm, height 2.5 mm) is 96 Whl-1. It can serve as a memory backup power source. Table 14 shows the specifications of the batteries [55],... 

The batteries feature a high operating voltage of 2.0-3.3 V. The energy density of SL621 (diameter 6.8 mm, height 2.1 mm) is 6.5 Whl"1. It is applicable to various types of small, thin equipment requiring backup for memory and clock function. Table 15 shows the specifications of lithium—polyacene batteries [58],... 

The final layer of security is provided by properly designed interior features of buildings. Examples of these types of features include internal doors and walls, equipment cages, and backup or redundant equipment. 

The bottom line is that the current crop of workstations/small servers can deliver 4 GB of high-performance scientific data to about 50 intranet users. Today, that hardware costs about US 5000 configured with 4-GB RAM, 1 Gbs networking, DVD-R backup and other features. 

Media controls (all listed implementation features must be present) This area is related to the procedures that govern the receipt and removal of hardware/software/data. Access control Accountability (tracking mechanism) Data backup Data storage Disposal... 

LIMS must be backed up on a regular basis to maintain the security of the database. The regulatory inspectors will not accept that data within the database has been lost due to the failure of the server or other incidents (e.g., fire or flood). In order to prevent losses the pharmaceutical manufacturer is responsible for implementing a reliable, robust, and documented backup regime. The frequency of backups must be assessed as part of the GxP assessment process as this will be determined by the frequency at which data will be entered into the database and the redundancy features in the server, and should take into account the risks of data loss. Automation of the backup regime is acceptable provided that it is validated normally as part of the operational testing phase of the project. 

The third backup utility we re going to discuss is Microsoft Backup for Windows 95. It is basically the old Microsoft Backup, with a new interface and a few new features. It can support backing up to both floppies and other types of backup devices (like tape drives). However, the types of tape drives it can use are somewhat limited. Table 17.1 lists the tape drives that are compatible with Windows 95 and the ones that aren t. 

In most situations, the backup software that comes with most operating systems is adequate. However, you can buy backup software that has more features than the included software. Some of those features include data compression, backup scheduling, and greater hardware device support. 

For home computers, the Microsoft backup products are more than adequate. However, for business users, I would recommend looking at products like Norton Backup or Central Point backup. The features they add will make a computer administrator much happier in the end. 

An important feature of any automated system is its behavior at the application and loss of power. The initial and final conditions need to be known to prevent, say, loss of a sample or sample analysis data. This is easily accomplished by saving the final condition at loss of power, but battery backup is needed to monitor and record this state. A catastrophic condition could result if the automated system fails to shut down or restore properly, such as system damage or bystander harm from unexpected mechanical actions. 

Replacement of UPS with state of art system. The salient features include higher rating, regulated backup source, synchronous transfer fi om inverter to backup source and vice versa and inverter system following the grid frequency. 

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