B locus

QTLs were also detected in tomato introgression lines (domestic tomatoes with single, defined chromosome regions selected from the progeny of a cross with a wild, non-pigmented variety) that correspond to candidate loci for which genes and mutants have been previously characterized. Detected QTLs included the r locus Psy), the Del locus (LcyE), and the B locus. Similar to the tissue-specific expression of maize Yl, the B locus codes a fruit-specific lycopene cyclase associated with higher levels of P-carotene. ... 

Halaban, R., and Moellmann, G. (1990). Murine and human b locus pigmentation genes encode a glycoprotein (gp75) with catalase activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87 4809-4813. 

Bacon, L.D., Kite, J.H., Jr., and Rose, N.R., Relation between the major histocompatibility (B) locus and autoimmune thyroiditis in obese chickens, Science, 186, 274, 1974. 

These MHG class I alterations have been evaluated by the analysis of the panel of tumor samples with immunohistochemistry or flow cytometry in disrupted tumor cell suspensions as well as established tumor cell lines using a series of mAbs directed against HLA class I monomorphic, HLA-A or -B locus-specific, HLA-allelic epitopes or against various APM components including TAPI, TAP2, tpn and the different LMP subunits. The results demonstrated that rates of HLA class I and APM component losses in tumor cell lines strongly varied between the different tumor types analyzed. 

Stam, N. J., Spits, H., and Ploegh, H. L., 1986, Monocloncal antibodies raised against denatured HLA B locus heavy chains permit biochemical characterization of certain HLA-C locus products, J Immunol 137 2299-2306. 

The original application of the haplotype method was to allele frequency data (99). Direct roles of only HLA DR3 and DR4 serological types in type-1 diabetes were excluded, since HLA B locus variation on these haplotypes was different in patients and controls. At the amino acid level, a combination of sites at DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1 was shown to be highly correlated with the DR-DQ contribution to type-1 diabetes and to correlate with disease incidence (101). 

Inheritance of HLA characteristics follows a simple Mendelian pattern. The genetic loci controlling the various HLA subregions are contained within the major histocompatibility complex on chromosome 6 (Fig. 1). Each individual inherits one chromosome 6 from one parent and one from the other parent, each chromosome coding for one HLA-A gene, one HLA-B gene, one HLA-C gene, and so on. The HLA-A locus will be occupied by one of the alleles listed in Table 1 under the column headed HLA-A , the HLA-B locus will be occupied by one of the alleles listed under HLA-B , and so on. 

Alfirevic A, Mills T, Harrington P, Pinel T, Sherwood J, Jawaid A, Smith JC, March RE, Chadwick DW, Park BK, Pirmohamed M (2005) Association between serious carbamazepine hypersensitivity reactions and the HSP70 gene cluster. Toxicology 213 264—265 Alfirevic A, Jorgensen AL, Williamson PR, Chadwick DW, Park BK, Pirmohamed M (2006) HLA-B locus in Caucasian patients with carbamazepine hypersensitivity. Pharmacogentnnics 7 813-818... 

Kaniwa N, Saito Y, Aihara M, Matsunaga K, Tohkin M, Kurose K, Sawada J, Finuya H, Takahashi Y, Muramatsu M, Kinoshita S, Abe M, Ikeda H, Kashiwagi M, Song Y, Ueta M, Sotozono C, Ikezawa Z, Hasegawa R (2008) HLA-B locus in Japanese patients with anti-epileptics and allopurinol-related Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Pharmacogenomics 9 1617-1622... 

Since 1988, much of the B locus has been cloned and many of the subregions identified (Fig. 13.10h). Eventually, when each of the haplotypes can be distinguished by their gene sequence, the molecular genetic basis for their association with the biological traits may be clarified. The B locus has proved to be much more compact than the MHC loci in mice and humans. It is present on microchromosome 16 and is estimated to occupy at most 2000 kb the bulk of the microchromosome encodes the nucleolar organiser region (Fig. 13.10a) (Kroemer et al., 1990). The B-L... 

FIGURE 40.6 Neurons Fos positive in the (a) motor cortex, (b) locus ceruleus, (c) nucleus raphe magnus, and (d) periaqueductal grey. Vehicle (control) or EO-pCD (6,12 and 24 mg/kg) were administered orally 1.5 h before perfusion. Values represent mean SEM (n = 6 per group). p < 0.05, p < 0.01 or p < 0.001 versus control (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey s test). (From Siqueira-Lima, P.S. et al.. Bask Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 114(2), 188, 2014.)... 

Papillomaviruses form a large family of oncogenic DNA viruses. Infections of the genital tract with specific types of human papillomaviruses are etiologi-cally related with squamous cell carcinomas, most notably of the uterine cervix (reviewed in zur Hausen 2000). In a majority of cervical carcinomas HLA-A and -B locus products are downregulated, and in a substantial proportion of... 

I Adsorption equilibrium data for the system oxygen/nitrogen/active carbon. Presented in a triangular diagram using mass fractions as the concentration scales i9= — 150°C, p = 1 bar). A, B State points of active carbon loaded with pure oxygen and pure nitrogen, respectively. Curve A.. E.. B Locus of the state points of active carbon loaded with gas mixture. 

When a mixture of half-molecules of rabbit IgG differing in allotype (at either the a or b locus) was allowed to reassemble, there was no pref-... 

The isolation of rabbit X chains is greatly facilitated by suppression of the production of k chains with antiallotype antisera directed to specificities controlled by the b locus (3,55). (See Chapter 9.)... 

Each of a group of homogeneous antibodies tested was found to express the full range of allotypic specificities controlled by the b locus (53). The difference, as compared to the a.Iocus, may reflect localization of most group b specificities to the C region of the L chain group a specificities are apparently confined to the Vh region. 

An individual rabbit possesses two genes, on separate chromosomes, which are controlled by the b locus and which determine allotypic markers on k chains. Thus a rabbit may be homozygous (e.g., lAlA) or heterozygous (e.g., b lf)- the presence of three specificities, e.g., b4, b5, and b6 in an individual rabbit has, with the exceptions noted previously not been reported. ... 

Isolation of such chains is greatly facilitated if the immunoglobulin is derived from rabbits in which the synthesis of molecules bearing b locus markers had been suppressed (Section V) by neonatal administration of antibodies directed to 6-locus determinants. 

In the rat, AgB-associated differences in response to a number of synthetic polypeptide and foreign protein antigens have been described . In the chicken, the B-locus, or a linked genetic factor, has been found to control resistance to Marek s disease (an avian leukosis virus-induced lymphoma), and also to autoimmune thyroiditis . Differences in response to the synthetic polypeptide (T,G)-A-L have also been observed . An extremely interesting observation in the chicken indicates a requirement for shared products of the same MHC haplotype in order for effective T cell—B cell cooperation to take place, as in the mouse. 

Factor B locus is closely linked to the HL-A locus . In 30 families, no crossovers were noted between HL-A and Bf types. A similar close linkage is found in the Rhesus monkey ". ... 

Alfirevic A, Jorgensen AL, Williamson PR, Chadwick DW, Park BK, Pirmohamed M. HLA-B locus in Caucasian patients with carbamaze-pine hypersensitivity. Pharmacogenomics 2006 7 813-8. 

Figure 2.3 Failure envelopes of butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer, samples A, B, C and D. a) locus of breaking strength and breaking strain b) locus of modulus at break and elongation at break...

The mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus has been used extensively for studies of genetic variation within and among populations. Specifically, much attention has been given to variation in allelic frequencies for the Ldh-B locus among populations of this marine teleost distributed across a temperature dine along the Atlantic coast of North America [e.g., 100,101]. The allelic enzymes encoded... 

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