Diagrams triangular

Fig. 2. (a) Triangular diagram, where the dashed lines represent tie-lines, and (b) tie-line location curve. Terms are defined in the text. 

Ternary-phase equilibrium data can be tabulated as in Table 15-1 and then worked into an electronic spreadsheet as in Table 15-2 to be presented as a right-triangular diagram as shown in Fig. 15-7. The weight-fraction solute is on the horizontal axis and the weight-fraciion extraciion-solvent is on the veriical axis. The tie-lines connect the points that are in equilibrium. For low-solute concentrations the horizontal scale can be expanded. The water-acetic acid-methylisobutylketone ternary is a Type I system where only one of the binary pairs, water-MIBK, is immiscible. In a Type II system two of the binary pairs are immiscible, i.e. the solute is not totally miscible in one of the liquids. 

FIG. 18 81 Composition diagrams for leaching calculations a) right-triangular diagram (h) modified Ponchon-Savarit diagram,... 

FIQURE 5-1.2. Flammability triangular diagram for methane -H oxygen -h nitrogen. 

The classification of amorphous carbon films according to carbon bond type and hydrogen content can be represented in a triangular diagram, Fig. 6 [e.g., 70]. The comers at the base of the triangle correspond to graphite (100% sp carbon) and diamond (100% sp carbon). The apex represents 100% H, but the upper limit for formation of solid films is defined by the tie line between the compositions of polyethene, -(CH2) -, and polyethyne, -(CH) -. 

The usual preparative methods employ mixed acids. The N content of the NS depends on the composition of the mixed acid and on the mixed acid-to-starch ratio. This is illustrated in the triangular diagram of Fig 1 obtained by Hackel and Urbanski (Ref 12). Starch was nitrated for one hour and 50 mins at 10—12°. The acid compn is given in mole %. The region of mixts between the curve AAA Af and the HNO3—... 

The number of stages required for a given separation can be determined from the triangular diagram using a method analogous to the McCabe-Thiele diagram used to determine the... 

Figure 12.38 shows a distillation sequence, together with its mass balance. Sketch a representation of the mass balance in a triangular diagram. 

A ternary mixture of mole fraction ethanol of 0.15, ethyl acetate of 0.6 and methanol 0.25 is to be separated into relatively pure products. Sketch a system of distillation columns and mixer arrangements in the triangular diagram to carry out the separation by exploiting the shift in the distillation boundary with pressure. Sketch the flowsheet corresponding with this mass balance. 

The separation in Figure 12.21 can be carried out in an alternative sequence. Sketch the mass balance for the alternative sequence in a triangular diagram and the resulting flowsheet. 

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