Atlantic coast, USA

Western Coral Sea North Sea and Atlantic Coasts, Europe Atlantic Coast, USA... 

Shuman and Michael [10] applied a rotating disk electrode to the measurement of copper complex dissociation rate constants in marine coastal waters. An operational definition for labile and non-labile metal complexes was established on kinetic criteria. Samples collected off the mid-Atlantic coast of USA showed varying degrees of copper chelation. It is suggested that the technique should be useful for metal toxicity studies because of its ability to measure both equilibrium concentrations and kinetic availability of soluble metal. 

According to Mexican sources, about 60 per cent of the cocaine is trafficked to Mexico by sea, with another 28 per cent by land from Central America (Guatemala and Belize) and 12 per cent by air. Important entry points of cocaine into Mexico are the Pacific region and the Yukatan peninsula on the Atlantic coast from where it is usually transported north by land. While the most voluminous cocaine shipments are transported by sea, most seizures in terms of cases, are on land.7 About 90 per cent of the cocaine is destined for the USA, though close to 10 per cent is apparently destined for Europe, which is a new development.8... 

Besides sardines, menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus), a member of the herring family, is the mainstay of the USA Atlantic Coast and Gulf of Mexico fisheries. The oil from menhaden was consumed in Europe as a food oil for well over 60... 

Baccharis L. is an exclusive American genus comprising approximately 500 species. Its distribution area covers the whole of South America and continues northwards up to the south of USA including the Atlantic coast up to Massachusetts, although its presence is greater in the intertropical and subtropical zones (Cuatrecasas, 1%7 Muller, 2006). Several... 

Case study - Cooper River Watershed, Charleston, SC, USA The Cooper River Watershed empties into the Charleston Harbor on the southern Atlantic coast of the United States. In the lower reaches, the Cooper River is a highly industrialized and urbanized watershed with storm sewer and surface run-off impact. The river supports industries such as a wood pulp processing plant, a former naval shipyard, and a chromium mining/proccssing facility. In addition a number of fossil fuel refineries, storage facilities. 

The work of LeConte was followed by that of O Brien and Johnson, among others. The O Brien relation for nine inlets on the Atlantic coast, 18 on the Pacific coast, and one inlet on the Gulf coast of the USA, is Ac = 6.6 x 10 P (metric units). 

Jarrett comprehensively analyzed the relation between spring or diurnal tidal prism and inlet channel cross-sectional area. He compiled 162 data points for 108 inlets, with 59 inlets located on the Atlantic coast, 25 on the Pacific coast, and 24 on the Gulf coast of the USA. Jarrett s objective was to determine if tidal inlets on all three coasts of the USA follow the same tidal prism-inlet area relationship, and to investigate the change in that relationship for stabihzed and non-stabilized (natural) inlets. The results are summarized in Table 31.3, referring to the equation ... 

The world s main cocaine trafficking routes continue to run from the Andean region, notably Colombia, to the USA. More than half of Colombia s seizures take place in the ports or at sea (56 per cent in 2005) 63 per cent of the maritime seizures on the Pacific coast and 37 per cent on the Atlantic coast4. In 2005, increasing amounts appear to have left Colombia via Venezuela and Ecuador. According to the US Interagency Assessment... 

The highest levels of cocaine use in Canada are found along the Pacific coast in the province of British Colombia (16.7% life-time prevalence in 2004). The four Canadian provinces along the Atlantic show rates of cocaine use that are just half or less (3.7%-7.1%) the levels reported from British Colombia. Life-time prevalence rates of cocaine use in British Colombia are also higher than those reported for the USA as a whole. 

According to US estimates, some 88 per cent of the cocaine destined for the USA transits the Central America/Mexico corridor, about 50 per cent along the Pacific and 38 per cent along the Caribbean coast of Central America.30 This is in keeping with what the Colombian authorities report about 60 per cent of the seizures in Colombia occurred at the ports, 60 per cent on the Pacific and 40 per cent on the Atlantic.31 In more concrete terms, this would be equal to about 250 mt along the Pacific and 200 mt along the Caribbean. Of this flow, the US estimates 196 mt were lost or seized in transit, and 34 mt were seized at the US border, in 2004.32 In other words, about half the cocaine destined for the USA never arrived at its destination. If these estimates are accurate, data on seizures represent a very large sample of the overall flow. 

Distribution K. veneficum has been reported from the North Sea British Isles Oslo Fjord, Norway Whangakoko, South Island, New Zealand Swan River, Perth, Western Australia St. Johns River, Florida, USA Neuse River, North Carolina Maryland Princess Anne Co., Manokin River, Hyrock fish farm, Chesapeake Bay South Atlantic Ocean Walvis Bay, South Africa, and the eastern coast of Kamchatka, Avachinskay Gube Inlet, Russia. Owing to the similarity between the different species of Karlodinium, the reports need to be confirmed using molecular data. 

According to the international organizations more than 50 countries in the world have to face a critical situation with potable water supply. This refers to the south of Europe, North Africa, East and West coast of the USA, coast of Brazil, Argentina, Chili, some regions of India, China, Egypt, Pakistan, Iran, Mexico. Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Yemen and other Arabian Peninsula countries, some of Caribbean Sea, Pacific and Atlantic Ocean islands are almost absolutely arid. 

B. Heneman in Persistent Marine Debris in the North Sea, Northwest Atlantic Ocean, Wider Caribbean Area and the West Coast of Baja California, US Department of Commerce, Washington, DC, USA, 1988. 

Of interest in the context of wave climates is that the warm PDO phase dominated by frequent and strong El Ninos, 1976 to about 1998, corresponds approximately to the time frame of buoy measurements of waves that have served as the primary basis in the development of wave climates along the shores of the USA. Prom the recent apparent shift to the cold phase of the PDO in 1999, with the likelihood of there now being more frequent La Ninas, fewer strong El Ninos, we can expect that there will be responses in the US West Coast wave climates that could persist for the next 25 years for example, reduced extreme wave events along the coast of California compared with the past 25 years. On the other hand, this shift in the PDO could become a factor in more frequent and intense hurricanes in the Atlantic. 

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