Automotive seat covers

The poly(vinylidene chloride-cu-vinylchloride) may be injection molded and extruded. Extruded pipe and molded fittings which were produced in large quantity in the 1940s have been replaced to some extent by less expensive thermoplastics. A llal extruded filament is used for scouring pads and continuous extruded circular filament is used for the production of insect screening, filter clothes, fishing nets and automotive seat covers. 

Domestic woolly sheep are bred for wool and meat in large quantities in Australia, New Zealand, and other agricultural countries. The skins are byproducts, and their conversion into high-quality fur or leather can be regarded as beneficial waste management. Lambskins and sheepskins have grown markedly more popular in recent years for clothing, automotive seat covers, medical, and other applications. Woolly sheepskins account for about half of total fur production and are processed on an industrial basis. 

The design of automotive seat covers by the usage of predictive computer models not only provide comfort and durability, but also assist in the quick change in the design and knitted tube size. It adds on quality, provides ergonomic seat design and time saving. 

MonofilamGnt Fiber Extrusion. Monofilament fiber extrusion was another early application for VDC resins (184,191,193). Monofilament applications have included automotive seat covers, window screens, and upholstery fabrics, where the durability and ease of cleaning were important. Fabrics made from VDC copolymer monofilaments are still used today in applications such as filter fabrics, light screens, greenhouse covers, pool or bath fabrics, and shoe insoles (194). Such fabrics claim excellent resistance to flame, chemicals, uv light, moisture, and microbial attack. 

Motor vehicles Most of the passenger car interiors including car seats are made of polyester fiber (90% of the world market), and in some cases polypropylene fiber. The flammability testing of fabrics used in motor vehicles, in particular, cars are not mandatory due to the fact that fire incidents in motor vehicles are rare and, moreover, fire spreads relatively slowly. Most manufacturers test seating covers and carpets conform to the U.S. FMVSS (Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard) 302 test, which is a simple horizontal flame spread test. Other similar standards are German DIN 75 200, British, Australian BS AU 169, and Japanese JIS D 1201 automotive standards. The curtains and blinds are tested according to tests specific to them discussed earlier. 

Aqueous two-component polyurethane systems for automotive topcoats are under development. Currently the automotive topcoats are made from solvent-based two-component or blocked one-component systems based on HDI trimer (Desmodur N) or IPDI trimer (Desmodur Z) or both in conjunction with an acrylic polyol. The polyurethane topcoats provide the vehicles with a tough and durable finish with excellent long-lasting glossy appearance ( wet look ) One-component aqueous dispersions are already used in electrodeposition primers and pigmented base coats. Soft-feel polyurethane coatings are increasingly used for instrument panels and seat covers. 

In most weathering devices, the approximate temperature of dark colored specimens is simulated and regulated with the use of a black panel sensor of either the uninsulated or insulated type described in ASTM G151 (61). It serves to control the air temperature which, in combination with the surface heat caused by absorbed radiation, provides the black panel temperature specified in the test method. The heat due to absorbed radiation depends on the visible and infrared absorption properties of the materials as well as on the SPD and irradiance of the source. Generally, the black panel temperature that specified is the maximum temperature that dark samples attain under use conditions. Currently, the highest black panel temperature specified is 89°C during the light-only period in a xenon arc device used for tests on automotive interior materials such as seat covers and dashboards (62). 

For automotive seat cushions, two different PUR mixtures are poured into the open moid, either simultaneously or one shortly after the other, to create foams of different hardness to produce the so-called dual-hardness seat cushion . For comfort reasons, the sides of the seats are stiffer than in the center. At the beginning of filling the mold, the joining of the two reaction mixtures of very low viscosity is prevented by separation walls that create grooves between the sides and the center (Figure 1.114). These grooves are later required for fixing e.g. the textile seat cover. 

Mobiltech (automotive and aerospace textiles) These textiles are used in the manufacture of automobiles and aircraft. For example, carbon-fiber-reinforced composites are used in the manufacture of airplane parts, while carbon fiber is used for making higher-end tires. Nylon has a high bursting strength and is used for making air bags in cars. Other examples include spacesuits, parachutes, inflatable boats, seat covers, safety belts, etc. 

Tufted automotive carpet backing, trunk lining, and seat covers... 

The single largest application for ECTEE has been as primary insulation and jacketing [62] for voice and copper cables used in building plenums [63]. In automotive applications, ECTEE is used for jackets of cables inside fuel tanks for level sensors, for hookup wires, and in heating cables for car seats. Chemically foamed ECTEE is used in some cable constructions [64]. In the chemical process industry, it is often used in chlorine/caustic environment in cell covers, outlet boxes, lined pipes (Eigure 4.26), and tanks. 

Automotive Filler necks for gasoline tanks, instrument panels, seat belts, steering columns, window support brackets, door handles, bearing and gear components, dashboard components, controls, wheel covers, gas caps Plumbing Shower heads, shower mixing valves, faucet cartridges, ball cocks... 

The first commercially produced SRIM part was the cover of the sparetire well in several automobiles produced by General Motors. Since then, SRIM automotive structural parts have included foamed door panels, instrument panel inserts, sunshades, and rear window decks. Nonautomotive applications include satellite dishes and seat shells for the furniture market. 

Prepared filaments and fibres are applied not only in the floor coverings as the most important utilization for PP, but also medical, hygienic, apparel, automotive and/or agricultural sectors became crucial, for applications such as disposable diapers, sports underwear and equipment, artificial grass, geo textiles, ropes, car seats, oil wipes, wet and dry filters or membranes. Physical and chemical properties of polyolefins fibres are developed for many applications, in order to increase comfort characteristics, tensile strength, and/or other utility properties they are often blended, co-processed or combined with other materials such as polar acrylics, wool, bonding agents, hydrophilic fillers, or stabilizers. 

While the polyketone terpolymer derived from carbon monoxide, ethylene, and propylene is economical with some attractive properties, such as heat, chemical, permeation, and abrasion resistance, it suffers from low-impact strength. One cost-effective approach to overcoming this shortcoming and upgrading its performance profile for automotive applications such as wheel covers, wheel caps, fuel filter necks, fuel tanks, fuel tubes, center fascias, door handles, roof rack covers, gears, junction boxes, connectors, and seat backs, as well as electric/electronic components and durable household items involves blending with polyamides including a rubber modification (Lee et al. 2013). 

ETA 5012, 5021, 5031 - low modulus, excellent low temperature performance, flexible, soft, high heat oxidative stability (automotive applications air ducts, HVAC intake, exhaust ducts, engine intake ducts, seat back headrest cover non-automotive roofing)... 

LCA for the end-of-Ufe was used for seven plastic components that are commonly used in automotive applications. The parts included the bumper cover made from polypropylene (PP), windshield washer fluid container made from polyethylene (PE), air-intake manifold made from 30% glass-filled nylon, air duct made from 20% talk-filled PP, seat cushion made from polyurethane foam, head lamp lenses made from polycarbonate, and mirror housing made from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (Jenseit et al. 2003). 

Exhibit 1.1 Key automotive nonwoven applications. 1, Door and side panelling 2, Underbody covers 3, Airbag covers 4, Floor and footwell covers 5, Rear of seat 6, Brake disks ... 

Interior components make up the largest use of plastics in automotive vehicles, in applications such as instrument panels (IPs), body panels, door panels, dashmats, seat backs, seat bases, steering wheels, and airbag covers. 

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