Freezing resistance

Cationic polymerization with Lewis acids yields resinous homopolymers containing cycHc stmctures and reduced unsaturation (58—60). Polymerization with triethyl aluminum and titanium tetrachloride gave a product thought to have a cycHc ladder stmcture (61). Anionic polymeriza tion with lithium metal initiators gave a low yield of a mbbery product. The material had good freeze resistance compared with conventional polychloroprene (62). 

Freeze-Resistant Polymers. Chloroprene homopolymers made at conventional polymerization temperatures of 40—50°C are not sufftcientiy freeze resistant for some appHcations. In particular, automotive parts such as belts, boots, and air springs are used in dynamic appHcations and need... 

Eiga, S. Sakai, A. (1984). Altitudinal variation in freezing resistance of Saghalien fir Abies sachalinensis). Canadian Journal of Botany, 62, 156-60. 

The freeze-resistant 2005 FCX models can operate at -20°C. Other companies, including DaimlerChrysler and GM have also had success with cold-starting cells. The technique used is to keep all water present as a vapor and not allow water droplets to occur. 

Freeze-resistant container, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or equivalent... 

Transfer powdered material to a freeze-resistant container for analysis, or store it immediately at -20°C. 

Rotary evaporator with vacuum pump or water aspirator, 40°C Freeze-resistant container (optional)... 

Store purified anthocyanin extract at 4°C if subsequent analysis will be performed within 24 hr. Store sample for longer periods at -15°C or lower (preferably at -70°C) in a freeze-resistant container to minimize pigment degradation. 

Chen, T.H.H. Gusta, L.V. (1983). Abscisic acid-induced freezing resistance in cultured plant cells. Plant Physiology 73, 71-5. 

Mohapatra, S.S., Poole, R.J. Dhindsa, R.S. (19876). Cold acclimation, freezing resistance, and protein synthesis in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Saranac). Journal of Experimental Botany 38, 1697-703. 

De Vries, A.L. (1970). Freezing resistance in Anatarctic fishes. In Antarctic Ecology (M.W. Holdgate. ed.), Vol. 1, pp.320-328. Academic Press, London, New York. 

De Vries, A.L. and Wohlschlag, D.E. (1969). Freezing resistance in some Antarctic fishes. Science, New York 163,1073-1075. 

Raymond, J.A., and A.L. DeVries (1977). Adsorption inhibition as a mechanism of freezing resistance in polar fishes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74 2589-2593. 

II. Freezing Resistances of Polar Fish Blood Sera.193... 

Scholander and co-workers (1953, 1957 Gordon et al., 1962) made some of the initial significant observations on freezing resistances in fishes that could be interpreted on a molecular basis. They reported that the blood sera of Arctic fish had lower freezing temperatures than did the blood seras of fish not adapted to the cold. But, most important, they observed that the substances in the serum that helped to lower the freezing temperature were not due to salts, and that on chemical fractionation of the serum these substances were found in the fraction soluble in trichloroacetic acid. Other workers (Lievestad, 1965) also conducted related studies but in a more physiological vein. 

Adsorption, by proteins, kinetics and mechanism of, 286-293 Antarctic fishes, freezing resistance of, 194-195 Antibody(ies)... 

Polar fish blood sera, freezing resistances of, 193-198... 

Polar fishes, freezing resistance of, 195 12-Propanediol-water mixture dielectric constant of, 92 Protein fractionation at subzero temperatures, 77 -189 acid-base equilibria, 100-122 applications, 146-185 column chromatography, 140-141 density and viscosity changes, 82-85 dielectric constant variations, 85-99 general principles, 135-140 isoelectric focusing, 141-144 methods, 140-146 physicochemical data, 78-134 protein dissociation, 129-134 protein titration, 116-122 solubility of salts and solutes, 122-129... 

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