Automatic boil test

D 3434 Practice for Multiple Cycle Accelerated Aging Test (Automatic Boil Test) for... 

ASTM D-3434, Standard Test Method for Multiple-Cycle Accelerated Aging Test (Automatic Boil Test) for Exterior Wet Use Wood Adhesives. This standard describes the construction of apparatus to expose adhesive joints automatically to alternate boil/dry cycles. A typical cycle is composed of (a) submerging the specimen for 10 min in boiling water, (b) drying for 4min with 23°C air... 

It has been shown that an accelerated test method (the automatic boil test—ASTM D-3434) is convenient for evaluating adhesive performance and for predicting durability for exterior applications. Samples are subjected to 800 cycles, which corresponds to approximately 16 years of exterior exposure for a good wood adhesive. Figure 6 compares the perform-... 

Figure 6. Strength reduction curves for the automatic boil test. (1) Solid wood (2) fast-cure epoxy, slow-cure epoxy, phenolic-resorcinol, urethane, phenol (3) casein, melamine-urea, melamine (4) urethane, urea. After ref. 32.

D-3434 Multiple-cycle accelerated aging test (automatic boil test) for exterior wet use wood adhesives. 

By limiting the amount of hydrocarbons that are lower boiling than the main component, the vapor pressure control is reinforced. Tests are available for vapor pressnre 100°F (38°C) (ASTM D1267) and at 113°F (45°C) (IP 161). The limitation on the amonnt of higher-boiling hydrocarbons supports the volatility clause. The vapor pressure and volatility specifications will often be met automatically if the hydrocarbon composition is correct. 

This demonstration plant will normally operate at a first-effect boiling point of 250° F., a last-effect boiling point of 120° F., and a discharge sea water concentration factor of 4. The primary control of the process is accomplished by automatic control of steam flow rate, sea water flow rate, and last-effect vacuum. No control is needed for temperature or pressure in the individual effects and heat exchangers, since these achieve their own levels, influenced only by the proportioning of the equipment. The demonstration plant is rather heavily instrumented to permit close surveillance of operating conditions and carrying out of special tests. 

There are five submethods in the test (ASTM D-611, IP 2) for the determination of the aniline point (1) Method A is used for transparent samples with an initial boiling point above room temperature and where the aniline point is below the bubble point and above the solidification point of the aniline-sample mixture (2) method B, a thin-film method, is suitable for samples too dark for testing by method A (3) methods C and D are used when there is the potential for sample vaporization at the aniline point (4) method D is particularly suitable where only small quantities of sample are available and (5) method E uses an automatic apparatus suitable for the range covered by methods A and B. 

In the basic test method (ASTM D-86, IP 123) a lOO-ml sample is distilled (manually or automatically) under prescribed conditions. Temperatures and volumes of condensate are recorded at regular intervals, from which the boiling profile is derived. 

In the simplest test method (ASTM D-86, IP 123) a 100-ml sample is distilled (manually or automatically) under prescribed conditions. Temperatures and volumes of condensate are recorded at regular intervals from which the boiling prohle is derived. Distillation points of 10%, 20%, 50%, and 90% are specihed in various ways to ensure that a properly balanced fuel is produced with no undue proportion of light or heavy fractions. The distillation end point excludes any heavy material that would give poor fuel vaporization and ultimately affect engine combustion performance. 

Do not perform the chemical tests either haphazardly or in a methodical, comprehensive sequence. Instead, use the tests selectively. Solubility tests automatically eliminate the need for some of the chemical tests. Each successive test will either eliminate the need for another test or dictate its use. You should also examine the tables of imknowns in Appendix 1 carefully. The boiling point or the melting point of the unknown may eliminate the need for many of the tests. For instance, the possible compounds may simply not include one with a double bond. Efficiency is the key word here. Do not waste time performing nonsensical or unnecessary tests. Many possibilities can be eliminated on the basis of logic alone. 

Reagents used include 500 ml concentration sulphuric acid in an automatic dispenser (5 ml volume), 500 ml 5% phenol solution and standard sucrose solution (lOmg/lOOml). Select a series of 15 X 18 mm glass test tubes which are clean and free from dust or cellulose fibres. In the first step take 0.1 ml of 80% ethanol extract and add 0.9 ml of water, simultaneously adding 1 ml of 5% phenol. Pump a jet of 5 ml of concentrated sulphuric acid to the central part of the sample and mix (Carefiil this step is potentially dangerous, and solution comes to the boil.) A face mask must be worn, and acid must be added behind the screen in the fume hood. Measure the optical density at 490 nm when the tubes have cooled, and standardize the procedure with standard of sucrose (5-70 pg per tube). The amount of ethanol soluble sugar in kernels of Nonpareil almond is between 2.5 and 3.5mg/g. 

The use of this simple electrical circuit allowed for the tests to be run semi-automatically and precluded the use of any boil-off gas measuring devices. 

This test method covers the determination, at reduced pressures, of the range of boiling points for petroleum products that can be partially or completely vaporized at a maximum liquid temperature of 400°C. Both a manual method and an automatic method are specified. 

A9.2 Summary of Test Method—The sample is distilled in an automatic distillation apparatus that duplicates the distillation conditions described in the manual procedure. Data are obtained from which the initial boiling point (IBP), the final boiling point (FBP), and a distillation curve of atmospheric equivalent temperature (AET) versus volume can be obtained. 

This test method provides a procedure for the determination of total vapor pressure of petroleum products using automatic vapor pressure instruments. The test method is suitable for testing samples with boiling points above 0 C (32 F) that exert a vapor pressure between 7 and 110 kPa (1.0 and 16 psi) at 37.8 C (100 F) at a vapor-to-liquid ratio of 4 1. The test method is applicable to gasolines containing oxygenates. No account is made of dissolved water in the sample. 

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