Basicity, test for

In the famous case Daubertv. MerrellDow, the Supreme Court held that expert testimony relating to scientific studies must be grounded in the methods of science. The basic test for any scientific hypothesis or model is to compare its predictions against observations. Hypothesis and models that make accurate predictions are accepted as useful and scientific, while those that fail to make adequate predictions are discarded or modified.2... 

Initiation is the generation of the primary radical or initiator radical. The formation of propagating radicals in polymerisations by addition of initiator radicals to double bonds, so-called primary radical reactions, is discussed in Section 10.3. Initiation is essential for most radical reactions and therefore becomes a key but simple diagnostic tool in determining mechanism. The most basic test for a radical mechanism is to carry out blank reactions under identical conditions with all the reactants present except the initiator. A zero or very low yield of product in these blank reactions represents excellent evidence for a radical reaction. 

WHO. Basic Tests for Drugs, Pharmaceutical Substances, Medicinal Plant Materials and Dosage Forms WHO Geneva, 1998. 

In addition to the four basic tests for drug substances and drug products, additional tests may be required for releasing drug products. Some of these tests are briefly described in the following section. 

Type A behavior pattern, how stress impacts physical health, and what intelligence is and the basic tests for measuring it The difference between objective and projective test and common examples of each... 

A natural basic test for the just obtained systematic absolute x, tl, IP, and EA density functionals applies for the atomic systems. 

Typical standard test rates in basic tests for plastics vary from 0.0017 to 0.25 nun/mm/sec (0.10 to 15 in./in./min.) per ASTM D 638. In standard tests the softer plastics and rubbers are tested at the higher rates, and the rigid plastics and reinforced plastics are tested at the slower rates. 

Subsequently, Frank Mann of the AAayo Clinic noted that the neostomal ulcers resulting from gastrojejunostomy reflected a critical relevance of the anatomic and physiologic location of the lesion. He devised the Mann-Williamson experimental operation, which was used for the next 30 years as the basic test for a new procedure to prevent or cure a peptic ulcer. 

The UL 94 standard for flammability of plastic materials consists of five basic tests for classifying materials in different categories. These five basic tests are ... 

The basic test for any IR detector includes measurement of the output (DC or AC) and noise, as well as the calculations of responsivity and the composite figures of merit noise-equivalent irradiance (NEI), noise-equivalent power (NEP), or D. If an assembly includes only a few elements, and if only a few assemblies are to be tested, it is reasonable to make these measurements with simple voltmeters or wave analyzers, and report the results in a tabular form. Higher volume production requires automated data acquisition equipment and graphical and statistical reporting - much like the testing of FPAs. 

The correlation functions provide an alternate route to the equilibrium properties of classical fluids. In particular, the two-particle correlation fimction of a system with a pairwise additive potential detemrines all of its themiodynamic properties. It also detemrines the compressibility of systems witir even more complex tliree-body and higher-order interactions. The pair correlation fiinctions are easier to approximate than the PFs to which they are related they can also be obtained, in principle, from x-ray or neutron diffraction experiments. This provides a useful perspective of fluid stmcture, and enables Hamiltonian models and approximations for the equilibrium stmcture of fluids and solutions to be tested by direct comparison with the experimentally detennined correlation fiinctions. We discuss the basic relations for the correlation fiinctions in the canonical and grand canonical ensembles before considering applications to model systems. 

The GeneralNlotices. These are the basic requirements for the appheation and interpretation of the tests and specifications that foUow in the USP-NF. Many of the terms used in the text are defined, and the majority of procedural questions that may arise within the monograph for each substance are answered. 

Years of development have led to a standardized system for objective evaluation of fabric hand (129). This, the Kawabata evaluation system (KES), consists of four basic testing machines a tensile and shear tester, a bending tester, a compression tester, and a surface tester for measuring friction and surface roughness. To complete the evaluation, fabric weight and thickness are determined. The measurements result in 16 different hand parameters or characteristic values, which have been correlated to appraisals of fabric hand by panels of experts (121). Translation formulas have also been developed based on required levels of each hand property for specific end uses (129). The properties include stiffness, smoothness, and fullness levels as well as the total hand value. In more recent years, abundant research has been documented concerning hand assessment (130—133). 

Basically the test for whether the hypothesis is true or not hinges on a comparison of the within-treatment estimate s (with Vr = N — k degrees of freedom) with the between-treatment estimate. s (with Vt = k — I degrees of freedom). The test is made based on the F distribution for Vr and Vr degrees of freedom (Table 3-7). 

The impulse test is basically an in-house coil insulation withstand test for surge voltages and forms a part of the test requirement for HT machines with resin-rich formed coils of 2.4 kV and above. Once the machine is assembled, such a test is unnecessary, as it may not be able to reveal deficiencies, if any, in the insulation of the coils deep inside the slots. Moreover, if a failure is noticed on the assembled machine, there is no option but to scrap the whole winding. 

This is the response spectrum, constructed for a particular location, for a future earthquake. It is based on seismic studies conducted for that region and past seismic records of and around that region, if available. It forms the basic parameters for the design and testing of an object. 

The turbine undergoes three basic tests, these are hydrostatic, mechanical, and performance. Hydrostatic tests are to be conducted on pressure-containing parts with water at least one-and-a-half times the maximum operating pressure. The mechanical run tests are to be conducted for at least a period of four hours at maximum continuous speed. This test is usually done at no-load conditions. It checks out the bearing performance and vibration levels as well as overall mechanical operability. It is suggested that the user have a representative at this test to tape record as much of the data as possible. The data are helpful in further evaluation of the unit or can be used as base-line data. Performance tests should be conducted at maximum power with normal fuel composition. The tests should be conducted in accordance with ASME PTC-22, which is described in more detail in Chapter 20. 

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