ICP-AES atomic emission spectrometry

Pt content determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Monolayer uptakes (P = 0) determined at 295 K. 

Magnesium deficiency has been long recognized, but hypermagnesia also occurs (Anderson and Talcott 1994). Magnesium can be determined in fluids by FAAS, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and ICP-MS. In tissue Mg can be determined directly by solid sampling atomic absorption spectrometry (SS-AAS) (Herber 1994a). Both Ca and Mg in plasma/serum are routinely determined by photometry in automated analyzers. 

ASTM. 1998a. ASTME1613. Standard test method for analysis of digested samples for lead by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Flame Atomic Absorption (FAAS), or Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption (GFAA) Techniques. American Society for Testing and Materials. 

Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) is used to screen polymers, liquids and solvent extracts for residual metal atoms (catalysts, fillers, etc.). The technique can provide rapid multi-component screening of elements in solution over a wide concentration range (0.1-1,000 pg/ml). 

The Atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) results on the solids confirm the chemical purity of Py, Cp, Qz, Cal and Dol samples. The Po sample contains calcium which, after conversion into calcite, gives approximately 10wt% of this mineral. Sid sample contains 10.3 wt% Mn and 1.86 wt% Mg, in agreement with measurements using a Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled to Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis again this explains the difference between the measured and theoretical density of the Sid powder. 

Fluorescence (XRF) and Induced Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). The results of the analyses are shown in Tables 1 and 2, respectively. 

Chemical composition of fresh HTs was determined in a Perkin Elmer Mod. OPTIMA 3200 Dual Vision by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The crystalline structure of the solids was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) using a Siemens D-500 diffractometer equipped with a CuKa radiation source. The average crystal sizes were calculated from the (003) and (110) reflections employing the Debye-Scherrer equation. Textural properties of calcined HTs (at 500°C/4h) were analyzed by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms on an AUTOSORB-I, prior to analysis the samples were outgassed in vacuum (10 Torr) at 300°C for 5 h. The specific surface areas were calculated by using the Brunauer-... 

Internal standards are also used in trace metal analysis by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) techniques. An internal standard solution is added to ICP-MS and ICP-AES samples to correct for matrix effects, and the response to the internal standard serves as a correction factor for all other analytes (see also chapter 2). 

F. J. Copa-Rodriguez and M. I. Basadre-Pampin, Determination of iron, copper and zinc in tinned mussels by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 348(5-6), 1994, 390-395. 

The particulate material from the sediment traps was digested in aqua regia in a microwave digestion unit. Fe, Mn, Zn, Ca, Cr, and Cu were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) P was determined by the molybdate spectrophotometric method (28). A sediment standard (NBS No. 1645) was used regularly to check the accuracy of the sediment digestion procedure. 

Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)... 

Metals contained in samples are determined by a wide variety of analytical methods. Bulk metals, such as copper in brass or iron in steel, can be analyzed readily by chemical methods such as gravimetry or electrochemistry. However, many metal determinations are for smaller, or trace, quantities. These are determined by various spectroscopic or chromatographic methods, such as atomic absorbance spectrometry using flame (FAAS) or graphite furnace (GFAAS) atomization, atomic emission spectrometry (AES), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), and ion chromatography (IC). 

Produced HBr is scrubbed by the use of 10 N sodium hydroxide solution to form sodium bromide. For all the runs, the initial inventory is 1.25 L of sodium hydroxide solution. The NaOH solution was sampled at regular intervals and sent to Argonne s Analytical Chemistry Laboratory for analysis. Volume aliquots of solution samples were diluted with reagent water and analysed by ion chromatography to determine bromide. Separate aliquots were diluted with acid addition and analysed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) to determine calcium. During the data analysis, adjustments are made for the addition of condensed unreacted steam to the neutralisation solution. 

Lead speciation (inorganic lead, trimethyllead chloride, triethyllead chloride, and triphenyllead chloride) has been performed by Al-Rashdan et al. [26]. Despite previous use of a gradient elution (10% to 70% methanol in water) with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) detection, an isocratic elution was used with ICP-MS detection because gradient elution causes plasma instability. A 30% methanol/water mobile phase was used, along with a CI8 column, and the pH was optimized by using acetate buffer. 

The instrumental LoDs set forth in Table 3.1 shows that inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is the technique that yields the best values. It should be considered that these limits are based on pure solutions analyzed under optimal conditions. Dealing with real foodstuffs will dramatically change the picture, owing to the complexity of the matrices and contamination phenomena in the laboratory. This means that in food laboratories without clean-room facilities (which is the vast majority) the practical difference in LoDs for ET-AAS and ICP-MS will be of minor importance. The relatively poor LoDs for inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) when compared to those of ET-AAS implies that this technique is not fit for low-level determination of many elements, for example, Cd and Pb. 

A. Alimonti, F. Petmcci, C. Dominici, S. Caroli, Determination of Pt in biological samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) with electrothermal vaporization (ETV), J. Trace Elem. Electrolytes Health Dis., 1 (1987), 79D83. 

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ICP-AES is a technique half-way between FAAS and ET-AAS in terms of detection power. Among all ICP-AES features its robustness against matrix effects and its ability to carry out multielemental analysis predominate as the most advantageous [76-80], Multielemental analysis has also been successfully used to establish reference values [6, 76, 81-84] for many major and trace essential elements in different matrices of biological and nutritional interest, particularly in milk samples [81-83], Reference values for minor and trace element in human milk are collected in Table 13.8. 

The most widely used spectrochemical methods are flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry (ETA-AAS), and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Some work has been performed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and the unique properties of Hg have allowed the use of cold vapor (CV) A AS. It is beyond the scope of this chapter to describe these well-established and well-accepted spectrochemical techniques. The reader is referred to several excellent texts which describe in detail the basic principles, instrumentation, and method development of these analytical techniques [1-4]. The most toxic elements, such as As, Cd, Cr, Pb, and particularly Hg have been the most widely studied. Other metals, such as Ba, Cu, Fe, Mn, V, and Zn, have also been investigated. 

It has been shown that the major part of Ca and Mg are found in the soluble fraction (whey) of human milk, whereas only small amounts are present in insoluble caseins or in fat [11-13]. Calcium and Mg speciation studies in milk whey using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) combined with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) [14] indicated that they were preferably associated with the milk nonprotein fraction. A further work [15] showed similar chromatographic profiles by SEC hyphenated with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), with Ca and Mg eluting in the lowmolecular-weight region (LMW) (<1.4 kDa). Thus, there seem to be weak associations, if any, of Ca2+ or Mg2+ with higher molecular mass biocompounds of milk. 

Maintaining the quality of food is a far more complex problem than the quality assurance of non-food products. Analytical methods are an indispensable monitoring tool for controlling levels of substances essential for health and also of toxic substances, including heavy metals. The usual techniques for detecting elements in food are flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS), graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF AAS), hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG AAS), cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (CV AAS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP AES), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS) and neutron activation analysis (NAA). 

As noted earlier, USNs have been employed for sample insertion into atomic spectrometers suoh as flame atomio absorption spectrometry (FAAS) [9,10], electrothermal atomic absorption speotrometry (ETAAS) [11], atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) [12,13], induotively ooupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) [14,15], inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [16,17] and microwave induced plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (MIP-AES) [18,19]. Most of the applications of ultrasonic nebulization (USNn) involve plasma-based detectors, the high sensitivity, selectivity, precision, resolution and throughput have fostered their implementation in routine laboratories despite their high cost [4]. 

In addition to the cation used to prepare the polymer, other cations with differing charges, sizes, coordination numbers and/or coordination geometries are used in these selectivity quotient measurements to verify specificity. Measurements are also made using polymers prepared with no metal cation (H or NH4 ) as experimental controls. The measurements required for these studies are made using a pH meter for [H ] and elemental analysis (inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS))for [M"-"]. 

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