Theoretical density

Sintering atmosphere or vacuum V (pressure in torr) Relative density (% theoretical) Remarks Ref. 

Direct comparison with earlier measurements by Ronney et al. [5] of turbulent front propagation in constant-density TC flow was not possible because the lowest normalized turbulence intensities they considered are twice as large as the highest values achieved in the present study. However, good agreement of their results for constant-density front propagation in high-intensity turbulence with the constant-density theoretical model of Yakhot [16], and a comparison... 

Initially, the topological approach has been widely used only for the analysis of theoretical charge densities. Theoretical analysis allows us to consider two atoms as bonded, whereas experiments show only their spatial proximity (x-ray or neutron diffraction), changes in the vibrational behavior of an H-X bond involved in interaction, changes in magnetic shielding of target nuclei (NMR), and so on. 

Figure 12.11 Evolution o K C at 25°C for ideal epoxy networks based on DGEBA./3DCM/MCHA versus crosslink density. (+), theoretical (o), experimental. (see Table 12.1 for abbreviations). (By permission from Galy et al., 1994, Copyright 2001, ChemTec Publishing.)...

Chemical and Physical Properties Density (Nominal Cast), g/cc Density (Theoretical Max), g/cc... 

Calvo-Losada, S., Sordo, T. L., Lopez-Herrera, F. J., Quirante, J. J. The influence of protecting the hydroxyl group of P-oxy-a-diazo carbonyl compounds in the competition between Wolff rearrangement and [1,2]-hydrogen shift. Density functional theory study and topological analysis of the charge density. Theoretical Chemistry Accounts 2000,103,423-430. 

It has been reported [40] that the infiltration rate of F-CVI can reach 1 mm per hour, while the infiltration rate of I-CVI techniques is much slower, around 1 mm per day. Figure 5.26 shows the density distribution of a large disk fabricated using a F-CVI technique for 40 h. The dimension of the SiC/SiC composite disk is 264 mm in diameter and 12.7 mm thick. The results indicate that the relative densities (real density/theoretical density) of the interior region are high, around 90%. However, the relative density of both exterior parts is lower (about 80%) than that of the central part. 

In a number of kinetic studies, the reaction rate is not directly proportional to the physical surface area. This discrepancy leads to the concept of the reactive surface area which has been closely linked to the reaction site density and the dislocation density. Theoretical analysis indicates that reaction rates will become directly proportional to defect densities only in highly stressed and deformed minerals. However, experiments using high dislocation-density minerals still produce a low correspondence between reaction rates and total defect density. Energies associated with surface dislocations must be highly heterogeneous and the number of dislocations that actually represent potential reaction sites must be extremely low. 

Experimental spin density Theoretical spin density... 

McLachlan calculation of spin densities, theoretical discussion of o-n parameter for oxygen. 

McLachlan calculation of spin densities, theoretical discussion of a-n parameter for oxygen, l Huckel, McLachlan and [Pg.755]

UHF calculation of spin densities, theoretical discussion of fluorine coupling. ) Hiickel and McLachlan calculations of spin densities. - Determination of disproportionation equilibria and thermodynamic constants of the radical anions with the di-anions and the neutral molecules for Li, Na, K and Cs gegenions. ) HUckel and McLachlan calculations of spin densities. - Determination of disproportionation equilibria and thermodynamic constants for Li, Na and Cs gegenions. ) HUckel and McLachlan calculations of spin densities. - Determination of disproportionation equilibria and thermodynamic constants for Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs gegenions. ... 

Fig. 3. Heulandite/clinoptilolite. Librational shifts of the alkati and alkaline-earfh series versus ion charge density. Theoretical values for clinoptilolite (Chno) and heulandite (Heu) librational shifts are represented by dashed lines [0801], while the shifts observed by HNS are symbolized by solid lines [0802].

Studies have been made to establish the relation between chemical shifts and electron density. Theoretically a linear relation has been predicted between the shift and the excess rr-charge density on the carbon atom to which the proton is attached (55,59). The proportionality constant has been derived from nuclear magnetic resonance data provided by the ions CsHs, C7H7+, and CgHg , in each of which the excess Tr-charge density on the carbon atoms is known. 

A comparison of the reactions, cell potentials, energy densities, theoretical efficiency, and other seleeted properties for PEM fuel cells with different fuels is summarized in Table 1.8. 

Bader RFW (2002) A eomment on some fundamental problems with zero-flux partitioiiing of electron densities . Theoret Chem Acc 107 381-382... 

Hirshfeld EL (1977) Bonded-atom fragments for describing molecular charge densities. Theoret Chim Acta 44(2) 129-138... 

Schmechel R (2002) Gaussian disorder model for high carrier densities theoretical aspects and application to experiment. Phys Rev B 66 235206... 

In lithium and lithium-ion batteries, several types of lithium intercalation materials are investigated. The most efficient anode material would be lithium metal, which shows by far the highest energy density, theoretically 3860 mAh-g. However, its main problems are the poor cyclability and safety problems due to lithium dendrite formation on the surface [304-306]. Metallic lithium dendrites can grow toward the cathodic side, which causes a short circuit in the cell, a drastic increase in temperature, uncontrolled reactions, and cell destruction. 

Glucose Glucose is also a major biomass component that potentially possesses a large energy density, theoretically 4430Wh/kg based on a thermodynamic calculation for total oxidation to CO2 via a 24-electron transfer (Eq. (6.8)). 

Whisker content (%) % Theoretical green density % Theoretical sintered density ... 

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