Atmospheric Nitrogen Corporation

The Atmospheric Nitrogen Corporation in the USA have developed a process by which the chlorine in addition to sodium nitrate is produced from common salt and oxides of nitrogen obtained from ammonia oxidation. This is done in a reaction tower where the following reactions take place ... 

The Atmospheric Nitrogen Corporation, now operating the largest direct synthetic ammonia plant in the United States, is preparing for the erection of a large plant for this process for the production of fertilizer materials at Hope-well, Virginia. Indeed it is reported that construction has already started on the Hopewell site and that much of the equipment has been ordered and the fabrication of some completed. This plant will mark the entrance of the direct synthetic ammonia process for fertilizer production in this country and it is expected that expansion will be rapid. 

Despite the problems at Sheffield, the Atmospheric Nitrogen Corporation, a subsidiary of the General Chemical Company, had built and operated a second plant with the same design at Syracuse, New York by 1921.The original capacity was 15 tonnes per day anunonia but it was later increased to 40 totmes per day. This plant eventually used a fused iron oxide catalyst, promoted with alumina and potash, developed at the Fixed Nitrogen Research Laboratory by A T Larson. It had first test a catalyst developed by de Jahn of the General Chemical Company. 

After three years of delays the U.S. government finally contracted with the General Chemical Company to build the first modified Haber-Bosch plant U.S. Nitrate Plant No. 1 at Sheffield, Alabama. Only a single small unit was finished before the war ended, and many technical problems, above all rapid poisoning of a poor catalyst, prevented its successful operation. The first commercial synthesis of ammonia in the United States began in 1921 in a small plant (just 5,000 t N/year capacity) built by Atmospheric Nitrogen Corporation at Syracuse, New York the second plant, built by Mathieson Alkali Works, was completed at Niagara Falls a year later. ... 

Cottrell, Frederick G. (1877-1948). American scientist, inventor of an electrostatic precipitator, now known as Cottrell Precipitator, for smoke, dust fumes. Among other inventions are the pebble bed furnace, boiling point apparatus the Cottrell-Daniels process for fixation of atmospheric nitrogen. Cottrell was Director of US Bureau of Mines Director of the Fixed Nitrogen Research Laboratory, and founder of the Research Corporation, a nonprofit organization... 

The NO + 03 chemiluminescent reaction [Reactions (1-3)] is utilized in two commercially available GC detectors, the TEA detector, manufactured by Thermal Electric Corporation (Saddle Brook, NJ), and two nitrogen-selective detectors, manufactured by Thermal Electric Corporation and Antek Instruments, respectively. The TEA detector provides a highly sensitive and selective means of analyzing samples for A-nitrosamines, many of which are known carcinogens. These compounds can be found in such diverse matrices as foods, cosmetics, tobacco products, and environmental samples of soil and water. The TEA detector can also be used to quantify nitroaromatics. This class of compounds includes many explosives and various reactive intermediates used in the chemical industry [121]. Several nitroaromatics are known carcinogens, and are found as environmental contaminants. They have been repeatedly identified in organic aerosol particles, formed from the reaction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with atmospheric nitric acid at the particle surface [122-124], The TEA detector is extremely selective, which aids analyses in complex matrices, but also severely limits the number of potential applications for the detector [125-127],... 

This reagent was obtained either from Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc., or Lithium Corporation of America, Bessemer City, NC. A technical data sheet is available from the suppliers. Solutions of ca. 2 M were titrimetrically analyzed for active alkyllithium by the tosylhydrazone method. It is advisable to make certain that the organolithium reagent to be used was prepared in pentane solution. This evaluation can be easily accomplished by the gas chromatographic analysis of the organic layer obtained from the hydrolysis, under a nitrogen atmosphere, of the tert-butyllithium solution to be used. Isobutane and pentane should comprise essentially all of the... 

The submitters employed an aqueous 1.64Jtf solution of chromium(II) perchlorate which was prepared by stirring a mixture of 5.7 g. of pure chromium metal pellets (United Mineral and Chemical Corporation, 129 Hudson St., New York, 10013) with 60 ml. of aqueous 20% perchloric acid under a nitrogen atmosphere at 30° for 12 hours.2,3 The rate of dissolution of the chromium metal is increased if the metal is washed successively with concentrated hydrochloric acid and with water just before it is added to the perchloric acid. The checkers employed aqueous 0.519J/ chromium(II) perchlorate solution which was prepared in a comparable manner with chromium metal obtained from the Mining and Metals Division, Union Carbide Corporation. The deep blue solution of chro-mium(ll) perchlorate is transferred to a storage vessel with a... 

Poly-2-2 -(w-phenylene)-5,5 -bibenzimidazole, commonly called polybenzimidazole (PBI), was developed under the aegis of the U.S. Air Force Materials Laboratory in cooperation with the then-existing Celanese Corporation. The fiber went into commercial production in the United States in 1983. It is a condensation polymer obtained from the reaction of tetra-aminobiphenyl and diphenylisophthalate in a nitrogen atmosphere at temperatures that may reach 400°C in the final stages.29 The structure of a repeating unit is shown below. 

The 1,2-dimethoxyethane was obtained from Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc., and was allowed to stand over molecular sieves (type 4A in /i6-in. pellet form from Union Carbide Corporation) for several days. Final purification was accomplished by heating at reflux over potassium in a nitrogen atmosphere for at least 10 hr, followed by distillation from potassium. The solvent was used on the same day that it was distilled to minimize the formation of peroxides. 

Dri-Lab (Vacuum Atmospheres Corporation, North Hollywood, CA) with oxygen-and-water free nitrogen was used in the sample preparation of the solids prepared in these studies. 

The polymer-blend dispersions of PTFE and fluorinated-pitch with various concentration of fluorinated-pitch have been coated on stainless steel (SUS-304). The various coated polymer-blend were heat-treated at 350 °C 5 °C for 30 minutes. Further, samples were subjected to EB irradiation with a 200keV from EB accelerator (CURETRON , NHV Corporation) up to 1000 kGy at 330 °C 3 °C in nitrogen gas atmosphere. 

In 1960 a group of microbial biochemists in the Central Research Laboratories of the Dupont de Nemours Chemical Corporation, USA, broke through a barrier that had impeded researchers for at least two decades. They extracted from a species of nitrogen-fixing bacteria a solution containing the enzyme which is responsible for the activation of dinitrogen." It was called nitrogenase, and, in appropriate conditions, it bound N2 from the atmosphere and reduced it to ammonia. 

Rare metal electrolytic processes are frequently carried out in an inert atmosphere of argon or helium, particularly when it is essential for the oxygen and nitrogen contents of the rare metal products to be as low as possible. However, this does not always apply and large quantities of uranium, for example, have been produced by the American Westinghouse Electric Corporation in cells from which air was not excluded. In this case it was even possible to produce metal with a low oxygen content directly by electrolysis of uranium oxide added to a melt. 

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