ASTM Standard sieves

Sieves are often referred to by their mesh size, which is the number of wires per hnear unit. The U.S. Standard Sieve Series as described by the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) document E-11-87 Standard Specification for Wire-cloth Sieves for Testing Purposes addresses sieve opening sizes from 20 [Lm (635 mesh) to 125 mm (5.00 in). Electroformed sieves with square or round apertures and tolerances of 2 [Lm, are also available. 

Bottom size coal that passes through a standard sieve with the largest openings through which passes a total of less than 15% of the sample should not be confused with particle size (ASTM D-4749). 

The common sieves are made of woven wire cloth and have square apertures. The sizes of the sieve openings have been standardized, and currently two different sets of standard series, the Tyler Standard and the U.S. Series ASTM Standard, are used in the United States. The mesh number of a sieve is normally defined as the number of apertures per unit area (square inch). Thus, the higher the mesh number the smaller the aperture. Typical mesh numbers, aperture sizes, and wire diameters are given for the lyier sieves and the U.S. ASTM sieves in Table 1.3. Sieve analysis covers the approximate size range of 37 pm to 5,660 pm using standard woven wire sieves. Electroformed micromesh sieves extend the range down to 5 pm or less while punched plate sieves extend the upper limit. 

United States Standard Sieve Series, ASTM E-ll-01 Canadian Standard Sieve Series, 8-GP-16 British Standards Institution, London, BS-410-62 Japanese Standard Specification, JI S-Z-8801 French Standard, AFNOR X-11-501 German Standard, DIN-4188... 

Sieves Use a set of standard sieves, ranging from 80-mesh to 325-mesh, conforming to the specifications in ASTM Designation Ell (Sieves for Testing Purposes). 

Complete instructions and procedures on the use and calibration of testing sieves are contained in ASTM STP447B [7]. Contents include analytical methods, information relating to wire mesh, perforated plate and micromesh sieves, dry and wet testing and other methods. This publication also contains a list of all published ASTM standards on sieve analysis... 

Screen sizes are defined in two ways by a mesh size number for small sizes and by the actual size of opening in the screen for the larger sizes. There are several different standards in use for mesh size, and it is important to quote the particular standard used when specifying particle size ranges by mesh size. In the United States the appropriate ASTM Standards should be used ASTM Ell. A comparison of the various international standard sieve mesh sizes is given in Richardson et al. (2002). 

Dry and wet sieve analysis can be conducted according to ASTM Cl 10-95b, sec. 5, Standard Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime, Hydrated Lime and Limestone. Sieve analysis of magnesia powders finer than 100 mesh (U.S. Standard Sieve Series) can be performed using ASTM C110-95b, sec. 20. 

Sand is defined by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) as granular rock particles that pass through a No. 4-mesh (4.75-mm aperture) U.S. standard sieve, are retained on a No. 200-mesh (75- i.m aperture) sieve, and result from the natural disintegration or comminution of rock. Sands are also produced by physical beneficiation of rocks by crushing. These sands have various chemical compositions, determined by the type of rock being mined. 

Woven wire test sieves were formerly designated by a mesh number (the number of wires per inch) but as the important sieve characteristic is the size of its apertures all standard test sieves are now designed, by international agreement, by their aperture size in millimetres or micrometres. The aperture sizes in a standard series are related to one another, e.g. following a fourth root of two (1.189) or a tenth root of ten (1.259) progression. The two most widely used standard sieve scales are the American (ASTM Ell, 1995) and British (BS 410, 2000) both of which are compatible with the international scale (ISO 3310, 2000) (Table 2.11). 

ASTM. 2011c. Standard Methods for Designating the Site of Coal from Its Sieve Analysis (ASTM D431). Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 05.05. American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA. 

Hardgrove Grindability Index The weight percent of coal retained on a No. 200 sieve after treatment as specified in ASTM Standard Test Method D409. 

Floor dust from child care centers in North Carolina (USA, 1997), collecled with the high volume sampler HVS3 using ASTM standard method D5438-94 (ASTM 1997), sieved to <150 pm. 

According to American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards, coarse aggregate is retained on the 4.75 mm sieve (also known as the No. 4 sieve) fine aggregate passes through the 4.75 mm sieve and is retained on the 0.075 mm sieve (or No. 200 sieve) for fines, all particles pass through the 0.075 mm sieve (or No. 200 sieve). 

ASTM International (2001) Test Method ASTM Ell-01. Standard Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for Testing Purposes, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, vol. 14.02, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. 

US Sieve Series and Tyler Equivalents (ASTM Standards)... 

USA Standard sieves (conforming to National Bureau of Standards LC-584 or ASTM - Ell)... 

NB ISO Standard Sieve Sizes are now in general use, and national standards conform to them. The figures in the left-hand column are the ISO sizes, plus a few additional sizes (bracketed) retained in the metric version of ASTM Ell on grounds of extensive use. The remaining columns give designations and actual aperture sizes (in mm unless inches ( ) are specifically noted) of older sieve series likely to be found in the literature. 

Sieve Analysis (screen analysis) The separation of particulate solids into sequentially finer size fractions by placing a weighed sample into the topmost of a stack of graded standard sieves, mechanically shaking and tapping the stack for 10 min, then weighing the material collected on each sieve and the pan beneath the lowest, finest sieve. The procedure is described in ASTM D 1921. Also known as Screen Analysis. 

A qualified technician or geologist should classify the soil material. The Unified Soil Classification System is normally used in classifying soils for HDD projects. This soils classification system is described in detail in ASTM Standard D 2487. The ASTM Standard bases the soil classifications on laboratory tests performed on soil samples passing the 3 inch sieve. Some definitions from ASTM D 2487 that are relevant to HDD operations are ... 

In Table 1.2, the left column is the sieve series as defined in ISO 565 [9], and ISO 3310 [10] with the nominal openings given in millimeters, and the same as the sieve munber. The ASTM series, which is defined in the ASTM Standard... 

Shiflett, Particle Size Investigation of Polyox WSR 301 Polymer Powders Using a Turbidity Technique", NSRDC 28-621 (1973) 45) Anon, Standard Method of Test for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the No 325 (45 p m) Sieve", ASTM C430-75 (1975) 46) D.J. 

ASTM C184-94E1 Standard test method for fineness of hydraulic cement by the 150-pm (No. 100) and 75-pm (No. 200) sieves. ASTM Book of Standards Volume 04.01, 2001. 

ASTM Ell-01 Standard specification for wire cloth and sieves for testing purposes. ASTM Book of Standards Volume 14.02, 2001. 

The grain size distribution of spent foundry sand is very uniform, with approximately 85 to 95% of the material between 0.6mm and 0.15mm (No. 30 and No. 100) sieve sizes. Five to twelve percent of foundry sand can be expected to be smaller than 0.075 mm (No. 200 sieve). The particle shape is typically subangular to round. Spent foundry sand gradations are too fine to satisfy the fine aggregate standard specified in specification ASTM C33 Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates. 

Finally, one aspect that can pay a role in compositional studies is the sieve (screening) analysis. Like all petroleum products, sampling is, or can be, a major issue. If not performed correctly and poor sampling is the result, erroneous and very misleading data can be produced by the analytical method of choice. For this reason, reference is made to standard procedures such as the Standard Practice for Collection and Preparation of Coke Samples for Laboratory Analysis (ASTM D346) and the Standards Test Method for the Sieve Analysis of Coke (ASTM D293). 

Powdered activated carbon (PAC) PAC is made up of crashed or ground carbon particles, 95-100% of which will pass through a designated sieve—0.297 mm according to the American Water Works Association Standard, or 0.177 mm according to ASTM D5158. PAC is mainly used for biological treatment. 

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