Former Design

Grove s synthesis org chem Production of alkyl chlorides by passing hydrochloric acid into an alcohol In the presence of anhydrous zinc chloride. grovz sin-th3S3s ) GR-S rubber org chem Former designation for general-purpose synthetic rubbers formed by copolymerization of emulsions of styrene and butadiene used in tires and other rubber products previously also known as Buna-S, currently known as SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber). je ar es. rab ar)... 

Note 1 The mesophase formerly designated as smectic D (see Definition 3.1.5, Note 3) belongs to this class. 

The simple non-aromatic pyridines discussed in this Section are represented by nine structures (l)-(9). These are the fully saturated piperidine (1), the tetrahydropyridines (2)-(4) and the dihydropyridines (5)-(9). In this section (2), (3) and (4) will be referred to as A5-, A2- and A1-piperideine as well as 1,2,3,6-, 1,2,3,4- and 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine. The former designation is rather archaic but less cumbersome and it has also been used by other authors of the review literature in this area (74HC(14-Sl)i). The latter designation is used by Chemical Abstracts. 

The nucleation of -sheets has been studied by the groups of Kemp, Feigel, Kelly, and Nowick. The former designed and synthesized the C2-symmetric... 

Aloe latex is an active laxative. Its effect is due to anthraquinone glycosides, aloin A and B (formerly designated barbaloin). Glycosides are probably chemically stable in the stomach (under... 

The mixed esters of carbonic acid [see Table I, type (a)] were formerly designated carboalkyloxy, but this term is now avoided, since it was often confused with carboxyalkyl [—(CHj) —CO2H]. A, the mixed esters of dithiocarbonic acid [see Table I (e) R = alkyl] have been termed alkyl xanthogenates or alkyl xanthates, thus relating them to the corresponding acid dithiocarbonates (R = metal), industrially called xanthates, but more precisely termed 0-(/Si-metal thiolthiocarbonyl) derivatives. Of the mixed-ester types and acid types indicated in Table I, examples of (a), (b), (e), (f), and (g) of the former, and (a), (b), and (e) of the latter have so far been reported. For intermolecular esters, examples of (i) and (k), and, for cyclic esters, examples of (0) and (t), have been described. 

The chipped-flint implement industry, accompanying the animal assemblages referable to this phase, used to be formerly designated as Magdalanien it is now known in the archaeological literature either as the late Gravettian or, in its final phase, as the Mesolithic Period. 

Water is the main ingredient of the continuous phase of most emulsion paints. It is also used alone, or blended with alcohols or ether-alcohols, to dissolve water-soluble resins. Any type of resin can be made water-soluble by incorporating sufficient carboxylic groups into the polymer. The advantages of water as a solvent are its availability, cheapness, lack of smell, nontoxicity, and nonflammability. However, it is not an ideal paint solvent because of its limited miscibility with other organic solvents, and because film formers designed to be dissolved or dispersed in water usually remain permanently sensitive to water. 

For the sake of discussions in a later section we will summarize here the theoretical equations of two other important hydrodynamic properties, the translational and rotary frictional coefficients. The former, designated as / can be determined from either sedimentation (Svedberg and Pedersen, 1940) or diffusion (Einstein, 1905, 1906b Smoluchowski, 1906) measurements ... 

Bonds to substituents in the chair ring are geometrically of two sorts. Six bonds, three on each side, are parallel and normal to the mean plane of the ring, and are now called axial (a) bonds (formerly termed e or polar ). The other six, equatorial (e) bonds (formerly designated k), are directed outward, making angles of 60° and 120° alternately with the vertical, axial bonds. Each equatorial bond is parallel to two sides of the ring. 

The results of this study support three basic conclusions (1) The CS system is a valid means for collecting surficial seafloor samples for pollution studies (2) the basic assumption of this study—that the fine-sediment fraction of marine sediments are the primary host of heavy metal contaminants injected into the marine waters—is correct and (3) the shipboard XRF system formerly designed as a qualitative means for assisting in selecting more precise sampling areas while at sea can now be considered as a valid analytical tool capable of producing quantitative data. 

Almost all the phototrophic bacteria strains used in hydrogen production are from the genera Rhodobacter (and the most used species is R. sphaeroides). Some species formerly designated as Rhodopseudomonas have been classified as Rhodobacter in recent classification criteria (information from Jun Miyake). Maybe some strains designated as Rhodopseudomonas and Rhodospirillum should be re-classified under new criteria, but in this column is presented the name suggested by the authors. Adaptation of strains to particular media or the selection of mutants, maybe is not enough to define new species. 

The preexponential stress magnitude formerly designated A is here designated H to avoid confusion with component A.) Then the mean stress [Pg.158]

A constituent which is not retained will elute out of the column at time t, called the hold-up time or dead time (formerly designated to) - It i the time required for the mobile phase to pass through the column. 

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