Specific gravity asphalt

With minor exceptions the requirements for the physical and chemical properties of asphalt were essentially the same for the three national specifications and included penetration and ductiUty at 25 °C flash point % loss at 163 °C penetration of residue as a % of original solubiUty in carbon disulfide solubiUty in carbon tetrachloride specific gravity at 25°C and softening point. 

Some specific gravities of common petroleum liquids are 1 to 1.1 for asphalt, 0.8 for gasoline, and 0.6 for naphtha. 

Fuel Oils Refined petroleum products having specific gravities in the range of 0.85 to 0.98 and flash point temperatures above 55 °C. This includes auto diesel, industrial heating fuels, various bunker fuels, furnace fuels. Refer to Chapter 4 for specific examples and discussion of properties. Fuel Value Refers to the amount of potential energy that can be released by a fuel during combustion. Expressed in units of BTUs per pond of fuel. Examples are asphalt (17,158 BTU/lb typical value), LPG (18,000 BTU/lb), wood shavings (8,250 BTU/lb). 

The results of this program are contained in reference (10) Table II presents a comparison of the selected physicochemical properties of Sulphlex-233 and an AC-20 grade asphalt cement used in the FHWA study. The table indicates that their properties are generally quite different, particularly the specific gravity, penetration, viscosities, and flash and fire points. However, from a practical standpoint, as the materials are used in the field, these differences are not highly significant. 

Commercial value of a petroleum liquid can be estimated quickly through measurement of the following physical characteristics . specific gravity, gasoline and kerosene content, sulfur content, asphalt content, pour point, and cloud point. 

ASPHALT (or Asphaltuim). [CAS 8052-42-4]. A semisolid mixture of several hydrocarbons, probably formed because of the evaporation of the lighter and more volatile constituents, It is amorphous, of low specific gravity, 1-2, with a black or brownish-black color and pitchy luster. Notable localities for asphaltum are the Island of Trinidad and the Dead Sea region, where Lake Asphaltites were long known to the ancients. See also Coal Tar and Derivatives and Petroleum. 

Values of VGC near 0.800 indicate an oil of paraffinic character (see paraffin), values close to 1.00 indicate a preponderance of aromatic structures. Like other indicators of hydrocarbon composition (as opposed to a specific laboratory analysis), VGC should not be indiscriminately applied to residual oils (see bottoms), asphaltic materials, or samples containing appreciable quantities of non-hydrocarbons. See Saybolt Universal Viscosity, specific gravity. 

For the screening test phase, three replicate specimens of each combination of independent variables were made, and each of the indicator or control tests was run on the specimens of sulfur-asphalt concrete. These indicator tests (dependent variables) included bulk specific gravity, air voids, voids in the mineral aggregate (VMA), resilient modulus, Hveem stability, Marshall stability, and Marshall flow. Table II presents the range of dependent variables determined during the screening test for the AAS system mixtures. 

Sulfur contents may be expressed either on a weight or volumetric basis. The binder consisting of asphalt cement and sulfur may be expressed also as a percentage of the VMA, and the amount of sulfur may be expressed as vol % of the binder. The symbol used for wt % is w/o, whereas that used for vol % is v/o. Whichever basis of expression is used, it should be remembered that the specific gravity of sulfur is approximately twioe that of asphalt cement, and therefore will occupy about half the space of an equivalent weight of asphalt cement. Asphalt cement and sulfur contents reported here were based upon wt % of total mix. 

Crude oil is a substance which emerges from the ground as a thick, viscous, brown or dark green liquid. Some types like the deposits of Venezuela, contain primarily gasolines. Others, like those of Texas, are richer in fuel-oil while others like those of Mexico contain more bitumen for asphalt. The specific gravity varies and provides an indication of quality. Other criteria include pour- and cold-points, viscosity, optical properties, odor flash- and burning-points, color and coefficient of expansion. 

Thermal Asphalt. Thermal or cracked asphalts differ from other asphalts in that they are products of a cracking process. They have relatively high specific gravity, low viscosity, and high temperature susceptibility, and they contain cokelike bodies (carbenes) as indicated by the Oliensis test (38). Thermal asphalts have significant application as saturants for cellulosic building products such as insulation boards, brick-finish siding, and fiber soil pipes. 

Specific Gravity (ASTMD70). For solid and semisolid asphalts a pycnometer is generally used and a hydrometer is applicable to liquid... 

The ultimate pitch product is a black tar best characterized by its softening point. This can vary from below room temperature to above 200°F by control of front-end distillation. Its specific gravity is normally 1.15-1.20, and it is incompatible with asphalt or residual fuel oil. It finds markets as a raw material for petroleum coke or carbon black and for various specialty end uses. It is a preferred feed for needle coke manufacture. It can also be used as a low sulfur fuel oil. 

Steam flooding treatment was also carried out on the Binagady-Kirmakin reservoir. Pertinent data for this project was as follows surface area-59.2 hectares pay zone treated -producing bed KS a+b depth of reservoir-between 250 and 500 m effective thickness of the reservoir bed-12.5 m permeability-59 millidarcies oil recovery factor-0.19 oil viscosity under reservoir conditions-30 centipoise specific gravity of oil-0.918 g/cm tar content-30%, asphalts -1.2%. Steam injection began in August 1972 and it was terminated in December 1978 (Table 26). 

Crumb rubber used in hot mix asphalt normally has 100% of the particles finer than 4.75 mm. Although the majority of the particles used in the wet process are sized within the 0.42-1.2 to mm range, some crumb rubber particles maybe as fine as 0.075 mm. The specific gravity of crumb rubber is approximately 1.15, and the product must be free of fabric, wire, or other contaminants. 

Trinidad natural asphalt contains a small amount of water and foreign materials, mainly topsoil and stones, which are removed once the asphalt is heated, at 160°C, and sieved . The final product, known as Trinidad Lake Asphalt (TLA) or Epure, has the following typical composition 54% asphalt, 36% mineral matter and 10% organic matter. Its specific gravity varies from 1.39 to 1.44 g/cm. The TLA s typical chemical composition, together with the typical chemical composition of other natural asphalts, is given in Table 3.1. 

AASHTO T 228. 2009. Specific gravity of semi-solid asphalt materials. Washington, DC American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. 

Provided that the bulk specific gravity (Gji,) and the effective specific gravity (G ) of the total aggregate, as well as the specific gravity of the bitumen (GJ, are known, the volumetric properties of bituminous mixture (asphalt mixture) may be determined. 

---