Estimating quick

Weintraub, M., Corey, P.E. High Temperature Viscosity of Gases Estimated Quickly, Chemical Engineering, Oct. 23, 1967, p. 204. 

Commercial value of a petroleum liquid can be estimated quickly through measurement of the following physical characteristics . specific gravity, gasoline and kerosene content, sulfur content, asphalt content, pour point, and cloud point. 

Full scale filtration equipment requirements can be estimated quickly in terms of tF. For instance, when the resistance of the filter medium is neglected, the constant pressure Eq. (11.3) may be written as... 

The vessel C may be replaced by two empty gas-washing bottles so arranged that the gas enters through the short arm, and D may be replaced by the more conventional type of gas-absorption vessel in which the gas enters through a tube with a funnel-shaped orifice dipping slightly below the level of the liquid. If a cylindrical vessel is used, it may conveniently be graduated so the density of the acid can be estimated quickly. 

A second scheme is to use these bounds as a means to estimate quickly the potential heat exchanger network costs for a flowsheet. Thus several different process flowsheets might be compared quickly without developing the exchanger network in detail. 

Small quantities of phosphorus may be estimated quickly by the molybdate method, the amount of phosphomolybdate being estimated colorimetrieally by comparison in Nessler glasses or test-tubes with a standard prepared under conditions which are made identical as far as possible. An account of this estimation is given under Phosphoric Acid, p. 182. 

In complex extractions, when both diffusion and thermodynamic are linked, or when the extract is a complex mixture of several components recovered at different rates, a numerical simulation software of the extraction can be very useful to estimate quickly any configuration and to optimize more precisely the industrial plant. A lot of different models have been proposed in the literature, and we built a versatile simulation software allowing to represent a lot of different systems [6],... 

The required column diameter and pressure drop in a packed absoiption column can be estimated quickly with the use of Fig. 15-7 or obtained quite accurately with one of several appropriate compute simulation programs. Both approaches will be used in the solution of this problem. 

Quantitative evaluation of the infrared spectrum is done with regard to the empiric tables or digital libraries. So this can be estimated quickly. For example, if sample contains aromatic groups, information can be collected in the infrared spectrum by looking for the peaks typical of the aromatic carbon. 

Measuring pH In the laboratory, pH values are usually obtained with an acid-base indicator or, more precisely, with an instrument called a pH meter. Acid-base indicators are organic molecules whose colors depend on the acidity or basicity of the solution in which they are dissolved. The pH of a solution is estimated quickly with pH paper, a paper strip impregnated with one or a mixture of indicators. A drop of test solution is placed on the paper strip, and the color of the strip is compared with a color chart, as shown in Figure 18.7A. 

Half-life is sometimes referred to as the biological half-life and represents the time required for half the drug to be eliminated. It can be estimated quickly from data by visually determining the time that the concentration falls to one half of any initial concentration within the elimination phase, as shown in Figure 1.2. Half-life is a dependent variable that is measured from the terminal elimination rate constant, tyjp-... 

We can use average bond enthalpies to estimate the enthalpies of reactions in which bonds are broken and new bonds are formed. This procedure allows us to estimate quickly whether a given reaction will be endothermic (Aff > 0) or exothermic (AH < 0) even if we do not know AHj for all the species involved. 

In Sections 5.3.1 and 5.3.2, we derived the benefits of risk pooling, assuming equal distribution of demand among the warehouses. This was done primarily for ease of calculations and to estimate quickly the exact reduction in inventory and number of orders. However, the demands do not have to be distributed evenly among the DCs. When customer demands are divided unequally, the average inventory for each DC has to be calculated based on its share of the demand, in order to calculate the total inventory in the supply chain. Still, the final results, namely the reduction in supply chain inventory and annual orders, will be true. 

The pressurizing-gas mass requirements for the transfer of liquid oxygen and nitrogen can be estimated quickly by utilizing the saturation rule... 

---