Reproductive toxicity arsenicals

Golub, M.S., Macintosh, M.S., Baumrind, N. (1998). Developmental and reproductive toxicity of inorganic arsenic animal studies and human concerns. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 1 199-241. 

Golub, M.S. (2006b). Reproductive toxicity of mercury, arsenic and cadmium. In Metals, Fertility and Reproductive Toxicity (M.S. Golub, ed.), pp. 6-22. CRC Press/Taylor Francis Group, LLC, Boca Raton. 

Systematic reviews Arsenic enters human food chain possibly by arsenic accumulations in edible plants and crops, from contaminated soils and irrigation water that further reach livestock meat, animal products like milk and egg [9 ]. However in regions like Latin America, despite its long history of arsenic contamination, are rather poorly reported for arsenic toxicity. A systematic review revealed that at least 4.5 million people in Latin America are chronically exposed to high arsenic levels (>50 ng/L) with increased risks of adverse health effects like internal and external cancers, reproductive toxicity and childhood cognitive deficient function [10 ]. 

Trace metals (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead, mercury, zinc) Industrial and municipal wastewaters runoff from urban areas and landfill erosion of contaminated soils and sediments atmospheric deposition Toxic effects including birth defects, reproductive failure, cancer, and systemic poisoning. 

SAFETY PROFILE Confirmed human carcinogen. Poison by subcutaneous route. An experimentai teratogen. Other experimentai reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. See aiso ARSENIC COMPOUNDS. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of arsenic. 

OSHA PEL TWA 0.5 mg(As)/m3 ACGIH TLV BEI 35 (As)/L inorganic arsenic and methylated metabolites in urine DOT CLASSIFICATION 6.1 Label Poison SAFETY PROFILE Poison by an unspecified route. Moderately toxic by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. A skin and eye irritant. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Mutation data reported. Used as an herbicide, defoliant, and silvicide. Hazardous when water solution is in contact with active metals, e.g., Fe, Al, Zn. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of As. 

The objective of this chapter is to put into perspective some of the current knowledge with respect to trace metals and their health implications. Potential adverse health effects of occupational exposures to trace metals are dis cussed cancer (arsenic, beryllium chromium nickel, and perhaps cadmium) chronic lung disease (beryllium and cadmium) neurologic and reproductive disorders (lead and mercury) and kidney disorders (lead and cadmium). Also discussed are the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommended standards for occupational exposure to several trace metals, the difficulty of establishing safe levels of exposure (particularly for carcinogens), and problems involved in identifying toxic components of trade name products. Special attention is given to the role of chemists to help protect the public health. 

Selenium and arsenic are antagonists in several animal species. Dietary arsenic, as arsenate, alleviates the toxic effects of selenium, as seleno-DL-methionine, on mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) reproduction, duckling growth, and survival. Mallard ducklings fed arsenate in the diet at 200.0 mg As/kg ration were protected against the toxic effects... 

DOT Poisonous material LD50 (oral, rat) 8 mg/kg LDLo (IV, rabbit) 6 mg/kg poison by ing. and IV routes confirmed human carcinogen tumorigen mutagen reproductive effector TSCA listed Precaution Forms arsenic acid in water Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits toxic fumes of arsenic NFPA Health 3, Flammability 0, Reactivity 0 Storage Deliq. on exposure to air keep well closed... 

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