Kidney disorders

Selective AR agonists are undergoing clinical trials for cardiac arrhythmias and pain (Ai) cardiac imaging and inflammation (A2a) colon cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and dry eye (A3). Selective AR antagonists are either in or advancing toward clinical trials for kidney disorders (Ax) Parkinson s disease (A2a) diabetes and asthma (A2B) cancer and glaucoma (A3). 

Medullary cystic disease A hereditary kidney disorder characterized by gradual and progressive loss of kidney function because of cysts in the kidney medulla. 

Numerous examples of the direct determination of compounds by fluorimetry have been reported in the literature. For example, the urine of patients with kidney disorders contains abnormally high levels of the... 

An epidemiology study involving 250 patients has found a significantly increased risk of a kidney disorder in a population using a certain medication that is known to reduce the risk of heart disease. What can be said about the risk of kidney disease in the entire population of nearly 500 000 users of the drug ... 

Severe pain in the loin lasting several hours and which is recurring requires referral to investigate underlying cause. One of the systems that need to be investigated is the renal system. Pain originating from kidney disorders and renal colic (renal calculi) initially presents with loin pain and may radiate to the back or spread downwards to the iliac fossa, suprapubic area and in males into the scrotum. 

Figure 5.2. Pathogenic mechanisms that are potentially involved in tubulointerstitial fibrogenesis in glomerular kidney disorders. Reprinted with permission from reference [19].

Concomitant conditions Use caution in patients with tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension, hypotension, prostatic hypertrophy (particularly in the elderly), or any tendency toward urinary retention, liver or kidney disorders, and obstructive disease of the Gl or GU tract. 

Medicago falcata L. lupulina L. M polymorpha L. M ruthenica (L.) Ledeb. M saft va L. Mu Xu (Alfalfa) (whole plant) Lucernol, sativol, coumesterol, formonetin, daidzein, tricin, citrulline, canaline, dicoumarol, methylene-bishydroxy-coumarin, medicagemic acid, ononitol, petunidin, malvidin, delphinidin, linalool, myrcene, limonene.48 Depurative, diuretic, stomachic, treat intestinal and kidney disorders, kidney stone, poor night vision. 

N.A. Flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acid, bergegin.102 Remedy for kidney disorder and liver disease, laxative. 

N.A. Juniperus communis L. J. horizontalis Moench. J. sabina L. Resin, pinene, borneol, inositol, juniperin, limonene, cymene, terpinene.100-102-107 For dropsy, bladder and kidney disorders, rheumatic pain. 

In this section, the strategies of composing the formulas that tonify the Heart-blood and Liver-blood are discussed because they are common syndromes. The related Spleen disorder is discussed in Section 1, Syndrome of Spleen-Qi deficiency, the related Lung disorders are discussed in Section 2, Syndrome of Lung-Qi deficiency and Section 6, Syndrome of Lung-Yin deficiency, and the related Kidney disorder is introduced in Sections 10 and 11, Syndrome of Kidney-Yin deficiency and Syndrome of Kidney-Yang deficiency, respectively. 

Nephrotic syndrome. Thiazide or loop diuretics are used in the treatment of this kidney disorder that causes increased protein in the urine. 

Although the subject of some controversy, the Ebers papyrus (1550 BC) appears to be the earliest, largest, and most comprehensive reference to diabetes and describes one of the principal symptoms of the disease, excessive urination. Other scholars consider the discussion sufficiently vague that it may be regarded as a kidney disorder. In the second century AD, however, the condition was described in more detail by Areteus and the focus was on excessive urination, unquenchable thirst, and degradation of tissue. The name diabetes, taken from the Greek, siphon, was adopted, because fluid does not remain in the body. 

It is applicable to kidney disorders and dyspepsia. It was formerly valued as an antiscorbutic, but with advances in food distribution, this property is now rarely considered. In conjunction with Yarrow or Chamomile flowers an excellent poultice may be made for application to abscesses and gatherings. The infusion of 1 ounce of the herb to 1 pint of boiling water is taken in wineglass doses. 

Gravel, suppression of urine, and other bladder and kidney disorders. Frequently prescribed in combination with Wild Carrot and Parsley Piert. Wineglass doses of the infusion of 1 ounce to 1 pint boiling water. 

Lighter fuels, benzene, toluene, cleaning fluids (carbon tetrachloride), petrol, paraffin, and even the fluorocarbon propellants found in various household sprays and medications have all been used, particularly by children, to produce changes in consciousness. They are all inhaled, often with the aid of a plastic bag, and, since they are lipid-soluble, they are readily concentrated in brain tissue. As with many anesthetics there is an early period of hyperactivity, excitement, and intoxication, followed by sedation and confusion. Prolonged or regular use can cause serious toxicity, with bone-marrow depression, cardiac dysrhythmias, peripheral neuropathy, cerebral damage, and liver and kidney disorders (1). 

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