Recommended standards for

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, "A Recommended Standard for Occupational Exposure to Acrylonitrile," DHEW Publ. No. 78—116, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C., 1978. 

The criteria document (j.) for a recommended standard for occupational exposure to cotton dust defines cotton dust as dust generated into the atmosphere as a result of the processing of cotton fibers combined with any naturally occurring materials such as stems, leaves, bracts, and inorganic matter which may have accumulated on the cotton fibers during the growing or harvesting period. 

Anonymous. 1980. A recommended standard for occupational exposure to refined petroleum products. Cincinnati, OH Robert A. Taft Laboratories. Document no. HRP-0030436/0. 

In the development of regulatory standards, acconnt must be taken of acceptable risk, which will involve political considerations. Perhaps the way forward has been indicated over the past 30 years by bodies such as the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, who have made a great contribution by publishing annually recommended standards for several hundred toxic substances. These standards have been used extensively with minor modifications by regulatory bodies in many countries. 

Anon, Recommended Standard for Occupational Exposure to Vinyl Chloride , PB-246691, NIOSH, Rockville (1975) [The report recommends, in part, that ... Despite the fact that animal experiments have shown no liver tumors... 

NIOSH National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. U.S. Congress set up this institute in 1970 to play a key role in the protection of the health of occupational workers. The agency conducts occupational health research, inspects industries and manufacturing plants at the request of the employers and workers, and collects data for their own studies, to recommend standards for safe exposure to hazardous substances. 

Figure 13.1 is a flow diagram for the traditional processes for the manufacture of WMP, SMP, and BMP. An alternate process for the manufacture of WMP that involves blending highly heated cream and low heat-treated skim milk concentrate prior to drying, was described by Hols and Van Mil (1991). The recommended standards for WMP, SMP and BMP, as well as average composition of the powders, are shown in Table 13.1. 

NIOSH] National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. 1976. Criteria for a recommended standard for occupational exposure to methylene chloride. Cincinnati (OH) National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. 

Lamola, A.A. and Wrighton, M.S., Recommended Standards for Reporting Photochemical Data, Pure Appl. Chem. 56 (1984) 939-944. 

NIOSH (1978). Recommended standard for occupational exposure to diisocyanates. Pub. No. 78-215, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Washington, DC. 

The objective of this chapter is to put into perspective some of the current knowledge with respect to trace metals and their health implications. Potential adverse health effects of occupational exposures to trace metals are dis cussed cancer (arsenic, beryllium chromium nickel, and perhaps cadmium) chronic lung disease (beryllium and cadmium) neurologic and reproductive disorders (lead and mercury) and kidney disorders (lead and cadmium). Also discussed are the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommended standards for occupational exposure to several trace metals, the difficulty of establishing safe levels of exposure (particularly for carcinogens), and problems involved in identifying toxic components of trade name products. Special attention is given to the role of chemists to help protect the public health. 

Recommended Standard for Occupational Exposure to Vinyl Chloride, ... 

Great Lakes Upper Mississippi River Board of State Public Health Environmental Managers (1997) Recommended Standards for Water Works, Health Education Services, A Division of a Health Research, Inc, Albany, NY. www.hes.org. 

Medical Chemical and Biological Countermeasures Recommendation Standards for Disease Reporting... 

NIOSH recommends standards for industrial exposure that OSHA uses in its regulations. OSHA has the power to enforce all safety and health regulations and standards recommended by NIOSH. 

The manuscript entitled A Recommended Standard for Occupational Exposure to Refined Petroleum Solvents from the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, July 1977, recommended standards to be applied to occupational exposure of workers to the following refinery petroleum solvents petroleum ether, rubber solvent, varnish maker s and painter s naphtha, mineral spirits, Stoddard solvents, and kerosene are all included in the term refined petroleum solvents. According to these standards petroleum ether and rubber solvents which contain 1.5% benzene, varnish maker s and painter s naphtha which contain 1.5% benzene, mineral spirits which contain 13-19% aromatics, Stoddard solvent which contains 0.1% benzene, 140 Flash Aliphatic Solvent which contains 0.7% benzene, kerosene. NIOSH indicated that some ofthe refined petroleum solvents contain aromatic hydrocarbons including, in some cases, benzene. Standards were applied, among others, to reduce the benzene exposure. Among others, the use of respirators and skin protective devices were required to protect from the effects of the solvents, as well as the benzene component. In his testimony in front of the Occupational Safety and Health... 

The eight-hour time-weighted average concentration specified for workroom air selected from the 1986-1987 Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices as adopted by the American Conference of Governmental Indnstrial Hygienists the Recommended Standards for Occnpational Exposme set forth in the July 1985 summary of the National Institnte for Occnpational Safety and Health Recommendations for Occupational Health Standards or the 1986 Workplace Environmental Exposure Levels set forth by the American Indnstrial Hygiene Association. 

The effects of these parameters and cross-linking in polymer cable insulations, aged in radiation and thermal enviromnents, were investigated. The results were then used to recommend standards for an OIT methodology suited for practical use, including the nuclear power industiy. Techniques to estimate error in (O.l.T.) thermograms interpretation and reproducibility were also developed (Mason and Reynolds 1997). 

Office of Workers Compensation Programs (OWCP) This agency develops and recommends standards for state workers compensation laws and provides technical help to states. It also administers three workers ... 

National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (1977) A recommended standard for occupational exposure to fibrous glass. U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Public Health Service (ed), Cincinnati Okano M, Kozuka T, Tanigaki, et al. (1987) Fiberglass dermatitis in Japan report of four cases. J Dermatol 14 590-593 Patroni M (1989) Fibre di vetro in ambiente di vita. G Ital Ig Ind 15 59-70... 

Authorities from several countries publish recommended standards for airborne gases, vapours, dusts, fibres and fume. The two main sources are the Health and Safety Executive in the UK who publish occupational exposure limits (OELs) in their Guidance Note Series No EH40 and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists who publish threshold limit values (TLVs). Both these sources update annually. 

RTCM Special Committee 104.1992. RTCM Recommended Standard for Differential Navstar GPS Service, Version 2.0. 

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