Applications future readings

I have always looked forward to reading your articles on Chemometrics in Spectroscopy. They are truly a valuable resource -1 usually cut them out and save them for future reference. However, I think your article Linearity in Calibration in the June 1998 issue of Spectroscopy leads the reader to an erroneous conclusion. This conclusion results largely because of the assumptions you make about the application of PLS and PCR. 

To this end, the presentation of the various contributions follows a step-by-step scheme in which the physical bases of the models come first followed by an analysis of both mathematical and computational aspects and finally by a review of their applications to different physical-chemical problems. For all the parts of the book two reading levels will thus be possible one, more introductory, on the given theoretical issue or on the given application, and the other, more detailed (and more technical), on specific physical and numerical aspects involved in each issue and/or application. In such a way, the reader will first be introduced to a given subject through a general description of the problem (with more emphasis on those aspects which are more directly related to the presence of the solvent), and then she/he will discover how continuum models can be extended and generalized to properly describe such a problem. In parallel, possible limitations or incompleteness of these models are pointed out with indications of future developments. 

Raman analyzers can be considered for applications that IR or NIR detectors are suited for, but the cost of a Raman process analyzer exceeds that of other analyzers. Therefore, as yet, their applications are few and can be found in areas where continuous and fast readings are more important than cost and precision. In the future, the availability of inexpensive, rugged process probes that can work reliably within a high-pressure, high-temperature, and corrosive process environment will increase their use. 

The results obtained with this first generation focal plane M.S.-EOID system as well as studies by Beynon and others at Purdue University (15) demonstrated the technical feasibility of such a system. Furthermore, these studies led the way to solutions for the variety of fundamental problems, which were encountered during the development and helped point out the directions towards future changes necessary on the road towards a commercially practical design for use of the concept in routine applications of mass-spectrometry. It became obvious that the vidicon based camera system wets not the best approach. Some of the reasons for this are (1) Loss of sensitivity due to light losses in the dissector and the transfer optics (2) cost of the image dissector (3) lower dynamic range and sensitivity, slower read-out rate, etc., of the vidicon compared to alternate devices. 

The BOVB method does not of course aim to compete with the standard ab initio methods. BOVB has its specific domain. It serves as an interface between the quantitative rigor of today s capabilities and the traditional qualitative matrix of concepts of chemistry. As such, it has been mainly devised as a tool for computing diabatic states, with applications to chemical dynamics, chemical reactivity with the VB correlation diagrams, photochemistry, resonance concepts in organic chemistry, reaction mechanisms, and more generally all cases where a valence bond reading of the wave function or the properties of one particular VB structure are desirable in order to understand better the nature of an electronic state. The method has passed its first tests of credibility and is now facing a wide field of future applications. 

High quantum yield photochemical reactions of condensed-phase species may become useful for future optical applications such as molecular switches, optical limiters, and read-write data storage media. Toward these ends, much research has been conducted on novel nonlinear chemical-based materials such as conducting polymers and metal-organic species. Monitoring the early time-dependent processes of these photochemical reactions is key to understanding the fundamental mechanisms and rates that control the outcome of these reactions, and this could lead to improved speed and efficiencies of devices. 

In the lab, future expansion plans include the use of optical scanners for reading sample labels, operation of robots to relieve some of the manual operations and an artificial intelligence system to track quality control. In other areas, there will be an increase in the number of real time monitors, not necessarily because real time data is needed, but the cost can be small compared to sending out a field team. There will be some applications of direct monitoring by satellites such as LANDSAT D. Both of these will be incorporated into water quality models which will allow more intelligent choices of where to send a field team to collect samples for detailed analysis. 

Koncos, R. Present and Future Applications of Liquid Hydroxylated Terminated Polybutadiene , ARCO Chemical Company paper N° 23, read at the 3-6 October (1972) Session of the ACS... 

Polyethylene is, by a wide margin, the largest volume synthetic polymer made by mankind. As of this writing, about 77 million metric tons are produced annually and the growth rate is expected to continue at about 5% per year into the foreseeable future. Within the three minutes or so it takes to read this preface, over 400 tons of polyethylene will have been manufactured. It is produced in various forms on 6 continents and its applications are ubiquitous in daily life, from the trash bag you placed on the curb this morning to Uncle Fred s artificial hip. 

Today, no less than when these words were written, the proper orientation of science is toward the future. Yet, the uses of the scientific past are also becoming clearer— not the least being the continued application of Maxwell s memorable dictum on the didactic value of the study of historical accounts and of original works in science, found in the preface to the Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism It is of great advantage to the student of any subject to read the original memoirs on that subject, for science is always most completely assimilated when it is in the nascent state., . ... 

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