Continuation application

Pharmocodynamic tolerance develops in response to continued application of drugs, by mechanisms that include reversible cellular adaptation processes, such as receptor desensitization, internalization and downregu-lation as well as changes in the activity and levels of other components of the receptor s signal transduction pathways. 

In a boiler, with the continued application of heat, steam under pressure is produced via a combination of steam bubble formation (nucleate boiling) and direct evaporation at the steam-water interface (convective boiling), as shown in the sketch of different generated steam flow forms in Figure 1.1. 

Most steam generating plants operate below the critical pressure of water, and the boiling process therefore involves two-phase, nucleate boiling within the boiler water. At its critical pressure of 3,208.2 pounds per square inch absolute (psia), however, the boiling point of water is 374.15 C (705.47 °F), the latent heat of vaporization declines to zero, and steam bubble formation stops (despite the continued application of heat), to be replaced by a smooth transition of water directly to single-phase gaseous steam. 

Figure 1.18 Effect of applying a 90° pulse on the equilibrium magnetization Continuous application of a pulse along the x -axis will cause the magnetization vector (Ml) to rotate in the y z-plane. If the thumb of the right hand points in the direction of the applied pulse, then the partly bent fingers of the right hand point in the direction in which the magnetization vector will be bent.

Figure 1.19 Applying a 90°, pulse will bend the magnetization vector lying along the —y -axis to the —z-axis, while continued application of the pulse along the x -axis will cause the magnetization to rotate in y zrplane.

The application techniques include batch application and continuous application. 

Nylon can also be brightened using an anionic derivative of 1,3-diphenylpyrazoline, such as FBA 11.26, 11.27 or 11.28. Although these pyrazolines give excellent whites when applied to nylon by exhaustion, they are usually less cost-effective than the DAST brighteners. For continuous application by pad-thermosol or pad-acid shock methods the situation is reversed, however, and the pyrazoline FBAs are commercially important in this sector. 

In some cases, as in the batchwise application of diazo components, it may be advisable to add electrolyte to the developing bath to inhibit bleed-off of low-substantivity naphthols. Otherwise the auxiliaries for batchwise and continuous application of diazo components are essentially the same. 

Environmental distribution After 40 years of continuous application of DDT to vegetation (80%) and soil (20%), 73% of the total mass present in the environment in December 1990 are stored in soil, 24 % in the ocean, 2 % in vegetation, and less than one percent in the atmosphere (Table 3.2).The high storage in soil is caused by its strong absorptive capacity of organochlorine compounds, which is related to its organic matter content. The only source of DDT and DDE in the ocean is deposition... 

Although many key molecules remain to be identified, striking molecular and functional correspondences between vertebrate hair cells and invertebrate mechanoreceptors have indicated that some types of mechanoreceptors probably share a common ancestor. The continued application of genetic, molecular, biological and biophysical approaches should lead to a more thorough understanding of this critical sensory cell. 

TABLE 7.1 Continued Application Fluorochrome/Dye Excitation Wavelength (nm) Emission Wavelength (nm) Comments... 

The 925 patent issued from the tenth application in a series of continuation applications originating with an application filed on April 20, 1970, more than 26 years before the 925 patent s issuance. The 263 patent issued from the fourth application in the same family, making the 925 patent... 

Oscillatory deformation of a material specimen with the motion generated without the continuous application of an external force. 

Uniaxial extensional deformation of a material specimen of uniform cross-sectional area along its long axis by the continuous application of a sinusoidal force of constant amplitude. 

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