Application research trends

There has been not only gi owth m the total number of electric motors (more standard appliances in use), but also a proliferation in their use for new, novel applications. Both trends will continue to increase demand for the electricity to run electric motors. In the United States, electric motors arc responsible for consuming more than half of all electricity, and for the industrial sector alone, close to two-thirds. Since the cost of the electricity to power these motors is enormous (estimated at more than 90 billion a year), research is focused on finding ways to increase the energy efficiency of motors and motor systems. 

O Brien, J. 1992. Application of nuclear magnetic resonance techniques in food research. Trends Food... 

Fernandes T.G. Diogo M.M. Clark D.S. Dordick J.S. Cabral J. High-throughput cellular microarray platforms Applications in drug discovery, toxicology and stem cell research. Trends in Biotechnology, 2009, 27, 342-349. 

Future trends in research into the science and technology o-f surfactant mixtures is discussed. This is a -field rich in opportunities -for innovative scienti-fic research and also practical applications. Research in this area will dramatically increase in quantity in the next several decades and great progress in the understanding and utilisation o-f sur-factant mixtures is expected. 

H. L. Fike, Some Potential Applications of Sulphur, Sulphur Research Trends, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1972. 

The contents of the current volume presents a sampling of more than 150 oral and poster papers delivered at the Symposium on Access in Nanoporous Materials II held in Banff, Alberta on May 25-28, 2000. The selected papers cover the three main themes of the symposium (i) synthesis of mesoporous silicas, framework-modified mesoporous silicas, and surface-modified mesoporous silicas, (ii) synthesis of other nanoporous and nanostructured materials, and (iii) characterization and applications of nanoporous materials. About 70% of the papers are devoted to the synthesis of siliceous mesoporous molecular sieves, their modification, characterization and applications, which represent the current research trend in nanoporous materials. The remaining contributions provide some indications on the future developments in the area of non-siliceous molecular sieves and related materials. Although the present book does not cover all topics in the area of nanoporous materials, it reflects the current trends and advances in this area, which will certainly attract the attention of materials chemists in the 21st Century. 

Contemporary research trends related to the development of mesoscopic materials, which contain nanosized inclusions of guest compounds and phases in a host matrix, are among the most prospective fields for technological applications. The physical characteristics of nanoobjects in such materials can substantially differ from those of their macroscopic analogs. As a result there is a strong need to investigate both the properties of individual nano-objects and their parameter modifications when they interact with their environment. 

In writing the first two Parts, we deliberately avoided the use of rigorous mathematics in treating various theoretical topics. Instead, newly introduced concepts are illustrated with examples based on real chemical compounds or practical applications. Furthermore, in our selective compilation of material for presentation in Part III, we strive to make use of the most up-to-date crystallographic data to expound current research trends in structural inorganic chemistry. 

Apart from fundamental research which mainly is done by universities, R D groups of different industry branches (flavours and fragrances, pharmaceuticals) have made a great effort in order to find and develop new high pressure applications. This trend is basically forced by the following aspects ... 

The arm of this Handbook is to combine the fundamental information and to provide a brief overview of recent advances in solid-state electrochemistry, with a primary emphasis on methodological aspects, novel materials, factors governing the performance of electrochemical cells, and their practical applications. The main focus is, therefore, centered on specialists working in this scientific field and in closely related areas, except for a number of chapters which present also the basic formulae and relevant definitions for those readers who are less familiar with theory and research methods in solid-state electrochemistry. Since it has been impossible to cover in total the rich diversity of electrochemical phenomena, techniques and appliances, priority has been given to recent developments and research trends. Those readers seeking more detailed information on specific aspects and applications are addressed to the list of reference material below, which includes both interdisciplinary and specialized books [8-20]. 

The classical 10-article series [16—18,43—49] discussing in detail theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of flow injection analysis, as well as emphasising its potential, limitations, applications and trends, was published during the 1970 s. Concomitantly, other early contributions from different countries appeared in the literature [50], and those prepared by the research team headed by M. Valcarcel in Spain [51] should be highlighted. 

Research trends of the last few years highlight applications to more involved systems either from the substrate/product side or from the catalyst side. Furthermore, a deeper insight into underlying mechanism is intended. Thus, reductive carbonylation of dibromocyclopropanes was performed in toluene/5 M KOH with syngas (CO/H2, 3 1) at elevated temperature (90 °C) using a mixture of CoCl2, KCN, and Ni(CN)2 for the metal catalyst and PEG-400 as PT catalyst which was much more efficient than a quaternary ammonium catalyst [81]. l,l-Dibromo-2-phenylcydopropane furnished a 72% yield of 2-phenylcydopropanecarboxylic add (1 1 cis/trans mixture). 

Application Research and Technical Service Trends in the Seventies... 

The chemical industry will spend more money on applications research and technical development. Costs will be higher. It has been estimated (13) that one dollar in 1965 bought as much research as forty-one cents in 1950. Inflation probably accounted for not more than twenty cents of the increase. The difference presumably represents a change in the quality and style of research work. This trend may be expected to continue. 

Dorozhkin, S.V. (2012) in Calcium Phosphate. Structure, Synthesis, Properties, and Applications, Biochemistry Research Trends (ed. R.B. Heimann), Nova Science Publishers, New York, pp. 1—40. ISBN 978-1-62257-299-1... 

A major research trend is to tailor the structure of proteins and polypeptides so they can function for a wide range of advanced material applications. In their paper, Kiick et al (5) described their work in using biosynthetic routes to produce polypeptides with non-natural amino acids that have desired conformation and side-chain placement. Montclare et al (6) described novel research on elastins where the aim is to generate new biomaterials that have the desired biological activity, optimal function in delivery of therapeutics, and more applications. 

Although a sizable number of books on polyolefins and general polymer blends are available, only a few chapters address polyolefin blends. Currently, there is no single book that focuses exclusively on the fundamental aspects and applications of polyolefin blends. This is the primary source of motivation behind this book. The second motivation stems from the fact that new research trends in polyolefin blends such as in situ reactor blending and compatibilization/functionalization in the melt have emerged that need to be covered in a book format. 

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