Nano-object

The growth pathway of various fullerene- and graphene-type nano-objects may be related. They are synthesized in the vapor phase and often appear simultaneously on the same sample. A common growth mechanism with similar nucleation seeds may, therefore, lead to these different structures. 

In summary, control of the surface chemistry and the presence of clean surfaces allow the coalescence of initially isotropic nanoparticles into regular, often monodisperse, nano-objects of anisotropic shape (cubes, rods, wires). It is possible that the inclusion of the initially present nanoparticles into superlattices play an important role in these coalescence processes. 

In summary, we have described our approach towards the synthesis of novel nano-objects consisting of a metal core and a surface that may be functionalized by addition of organic ligands. TEM pictures of the metal core of these nanoparticles appear similar to those of particles commonly used in heterogeneous catalysis or to colloids prepared by well-known reduction methods. However, the organometallic approach displays several specificities which can be summarized as follows ... 

The organometallic approach is a low temperature approach, which means that in general synthesis of the particles, and therefore many characteristics of the nano-objects, can be controlled ... 

The surface properties of these nano-objects match those of metal nano crystals prepared in ultrahigh vacuum, for example the C - O stretch of adsorbed carbon monoxide or the magnetic properties of cobalt particles embedded in PVP. This demonstrates the clean character of the surface of these particles and its availabihty for reactivity studies. 

These nano-objects display an organometalhc surface chemistry comparable to usual organometalhc moieties and which can be studied by classical spectroscopic methods substitution reactions leading to structural changes in the particles, the fluxional or non-fluxional behavior of surface hgands, the formation and observation of surface hydride species, the monitoring of catalytic reactions etc. 

Centi, G. Perathoner, S., Creating and mastering nano-objects to design advanced catalytic materials. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2011,255 1480-1498. 

Gohy JF, Lohmeijer BGG, Schubert US (2003) From supramolecular block copolymers to advanced nano-objects. Chem Eur J 9 3472-3479... 

Rodriguez-Hernandez J, ChecotF, Gnanou Y, Lecommandoux S. Toward smart nano-objects by self-assembly of block copolymers in solution. Prog Polym Sci 2005 30 691-724. 

Abstract A growing tendency in chemical vapour deposition is to produce ultra-thin films or nano-objects as particles, tubes or wires. Such an objective addresses the question of a better control of the main parameters which govern the nucieation and growth steps of the deposit. This chapter focuses on the interfacial phenomena that occur at both the solid surface and the gaseous phase levels. The role of surface defects, surface reactive groups, and autocatalytic phenomena on the nucieation step are discussed by means of representative examples from the literature. In an attempt to clarify gas-phase properties, the influence of the supersaturation parameter on the nucieation step is also described. 

Toxicology of Nano-Objects Nanoparticles, Nanostructures and Nanophases... 

Abstract The present paper discusses classification of nano-objects, which is based on their size, morphology and chemical nature. The subject of nanochemistry includes those nano-objects whose chemical properties depend on size and morphology, such as spheroidal molecules, anisotropic (2D) and isotropic (ID) nanoparticles, nano-clusters and nanophases. Nanophase is a nano-dimensional part of the microphase whose properties depend on its size. The potential health hazards of nano-objects are associated with their capability of penetrating the body through inhalation, digestion or the skin. 

History of Discovery, Classification and Chemistry of Nano-Objects... 

At present a great variety of nano-objects, which have no analognes in natnre, are produced in large quantities. Their potential impact on the environment and... 

Fig. 3.1 Qassilication of nano-objects based on their dimension, morphology, stmcture and chemistry...

Chemical properties of nano-objects are related to their ... 

Fig. 3.9 The main routes of nano-object penetration into the human organism...

The main routes of nano-objects penetration into the organism are (Fig. 3.9) ... 

Our current state of knowledge is insufficient to fully assess potential health hazards associated with the use of nano-objects and relate health effects to then-chemical, structural and morphological properties. The main danger of nanoobjects is that they are capable of easily penetrating the blood stream and internal organs via inhalation, ingestion and through the skin. Further systematic research of structure-properties of nano-objects is required. 

Nucleic acids can be conjugated to nano-objects, such as nanoparticles, nanowires, or nanotubes. The resulting nucleic acids-nano-objects hybrids combine the tailored recognition and catalytic properties of the nucleic acids with the electronic, optical, and catalytic features of the nano-objects. The forthcoming chapter will address the organization of nanoscale supramolecular structures of nucleic acids on... 

The tremendous progress in supramolecular chemistry and nanoscience provided intellectual concepts and guidelines to implement biomolecules and nano-objects as functional units for the self-assembly of biomolecular structures, or biomolecule-nanoparticle hybrid systems. Such biomolecular supramolecular complexes or hybrid biomolecular composites are anticipated to reveal properties and functions that emerge from the complexity of the structures. 

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