Cytokines anti-inflammatory

Blum AS, Dal Pan GJ et al (1996) Low-dose zalcitabine-related toxic neuropathy frequency, natural history, and risk factors. Neurology 46(4) 999-1003 Bradley WG, Verma A (1996) Painful vascuhtic neuropathy in HlV-1 infection relief of pain with prednisone therapy. Neurology 47(6) 1446-1451 Breen EC (2002) Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Pharmacol Ther 95(3) 295-304 Bremer J (1990) The role of carnitine in intracellular metabolism. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 28(5) 297-301... 

Inflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the pathophysiology of HF.9 Several proinflammatory (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-a [TNF-a], interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and interferon-y) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., interleukin-10) are overexpressed in the failing heart. The most is known about TNF-a, a pleiotrophic cytokine that acts as a negative inotrope, stimulates cardiac cell apoptosis, uncouples 3-adrenergic receptors from adenylyl cyclase, and is related to cardiac cachexia. The exact role of cytokines and inflammation in HF pathophysiology continues to be studied. 

Marietta, E.V., Chen, Y. and Weis, J.H. (1996) Modulation of expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-13 and interleukin-10 by interleukin-3. European Journal of Immunology 26, 49-56. 

Turrin, N. P. et al. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine mRNA induction in the periphery and brain following intraperitoneal administration of bacterial lipopolysac-charide. Brain Res. Bul.l 54, 443, 2001. 

Elenkov, I J. and Chrousos, G.P., Stress Hormones, Th 1/Th2 patterns, Pro /Anti-inflammatory Cytokines and Susceptibility to Disease, Trends in Endocrinol. Metab., 10,359,1999. 

Exposure of the SECs to pathogens or cytokines produced by other cells during stress induces activation of the SECs and subsequent production of cytokines, eicosanoids, and/or adhesion molecules. For instance, after activation with EPS, a main component of the walls of gramnegative bacteria and a major inducer of inflammation and non-specific immune functions [20], SECs produce a number of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Pro-inflammatory cytokines shown to be produced were tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) [26] interleukin-1 alpha/beta(IL-lo/p) [27] the major inducer of acute phase proteins interleukin-6 (IL-6) [28] and the neutrophil chemo-attractant interleukin-8 (IL-8) [29]. Anti-inflammatory cytokines shown to be produced were interleukin-10 (IL-10) [27] and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) [30]. 

IL-10 inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory c)hokines, providing the necessary balance to ensure that the inflammatory response is limited to destroying the pathogen and not healthy tissue. In vivo evidence of the necessity of IL-10 as an anti-inflammatory cytokine is provided by genetically altered mice that are not able to produce IL-10. These mice mount an immune response to the normal microflora in their gut, but without the IL-10 to suppress the inflammation, they develop enterocolitis (similar to ulcerative colitis and celiac disease in humans) (Sydora et al, 2003). This suggests that IL-10 in human milk might help regulate aberrant immime responses in the infant. 

Datta, A., et al. (2006) The HTLV-I p30 interferes with TLR4 signaling and modulates the release of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines from human macrophages. J Biol Chem. 281,23414-24. 

Elenkov IJ, Chrousos GP Stress hormones, TH1/TH2 patterns, pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines and susceptibility to disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 1999 10 359. [PMID 10511695]... 

In October 2004, clinical data from a phase I safety trial of OTI-OIO therapy for the treatment of GVHD were reported. Infusion of hMSCs decreased GVHD in 22 to 45% of patients, suggesting that OTI-OIO reduces the numbers of pro-inflammatoiy cytokines and T-cells while increasing levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines in these patients [570810]. 

First identified as an inhibitor of IFN-y synthesis in THi cells, IL-10 is an important immunoregulatory cytokine. It is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that was first called... 

IFN-p-la is used to treat patients with a relapsing form of MS. It is not a cure for MS however, it may slow some disabling effects of the disease. IFN-p-la may also decrease the number of relapses of MS. The possible mechanisms of action for the treatment of MS include the antagonism of IL-4 and IFN-7. It also modifies the mechanics of blood barrier since it inhibits cell adhesion, cell migration and metalloproteinase activity. IFN-P induces IL-10 and TGF-p, which are anti-inflammatory cytokines. It is also used for the treatment of genital warts. 

IL-10 TH2 cells Macrophages, APC Anti-inflammatory cytokine inhibits cytokine production... 

Chung F. 2001. Anti-inflammatory cytokines in asthma and allergy Interleukin 10, interleukin 12, interferon gamma. Mediators Inflamm. 10 51-59. 

Haddad J. J. and Harb H. L. (2005). I, -y-GI utamyl-I, -cysteinyl-glycine (glutathione GSH) and GSH-related enzymes in the regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines a signaling transcriptional scenario for redox(y) immunologic sensoi(s) Mol. Immunol. 42 987-1014. 

D12. Dinarello, C. A., Role of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines during inflammation Experimental and clinical findings. J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents 11, 91-103 (1997). 

Simovic, M. O., Bonham, M. J., Abu-Zidan, F. M., and Windsor, J. A., Anti-inflammatory cytokine response and clinical outcome in acute pancreatitis. Crit. Care. Med. 27, 2662-2665... 

Early reports with rAd vectors may provide the proof of principle for transient expression of a number of potentially therapeutic proteins. For instance the Na+/K+-ATPase was found to promote reabsorption of alveolar fluid in an ARDS model (Factor et al., 1999 Sartori and Matthay, 2002). Anti-inflammatory cytokines and antioxidants have also been used with some success in a similar context in animal models of sepsis and ARDS (Van Laethem et al., 1998 Dumasius et al., 2002). 

Probiotic bacteria regulate mucosal immune responses through induction of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-p, while decreasing expression of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF and IFN-y (Corr et al., 2007a Di Giacinto et al., 2005 Silva et al., 2004). B. breve and Streptococcus thermophilus secrete metabolites which inhibit LPS-induced TNF-a secretion from peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) monolayers (Menard et al., 2004). We demonstrated a significant reduction in interleukin-8 (IL-8) and an increase in IL-10 cytokines secreted from epithelial cells following pretreatment with probiotics... 

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