Transcription signals

The 19-mer sequence must not contain four or five consecutive T or A residues, because this would act as a premature termination of transcription signal for the poly III complex. 

The signal crosses the membrane and activates gene transcription. Signals for soluble receptors include steroid hormones, retinoic acid, thyroid hormone, and vitamin D. 

Some ubiquitin ligase activities are coupled with large-multisubunit protein complexes. The substrates of these E3 complexes represent a broad spectrum of proteins that participate in a variety of cellular functions, e.g. regulation of CDK activity, activation of transcription, signal transduction, assembly of kinetochores, and DNA replication. Concerning those substrates relevant for the cell cycle the critical issue is how and when these proteins are ubiquitinated. Studies of cell cycle regulation have demon-... 

The Janus Family Tyrosine Kinases-Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription Signaling Pathway... 

Chen W, Hershey GKK. 2007. Signal transducer and activator of transcription signals in allergic disease. J. Allergy Clin Immunol. 119 529-541. 

Incorporation of cytokine in a naive Th lymphocyte receptor activates the route of Janus kinases (JAK1, JAK2, JAK3), transmission proteins for intracellular signals, and activating transcriptions—Signal Transducer and Activator Transcription (STAT)—consequently phosphorylation of receptor tyrosine results. 

In another study, Nair et al. (1995) predicted the relative transcription levels of an eukaryotic globin gene and its use in the analysis of the transcriptional signals associated with file promoter region. Unlike most other applications, the output of the networks is a... 

R., Tomato spotted wilt virus S-segment mRNAs have overlapping 3 -ends containing a predicted stem-loop structure and conserved sequence motif. Virus Res. 110,125-131,2005 Barr, J.N., Rodgers, J.W., and Wertz, G.W., The Bunyamwera virus mRNA transcription signal resides within both the 3 and the 5 terminal regions and allows ambisense transcription from a model RNA segment, J. Virol. 79, 12602-12607, 2005. 

The structure of the RNAP of S. acidocaldarius. . . Transcription signals Promoters and terminators. ... 

IL-2 often synergizes with other cytokines (notably IL-12) to induce IFNy production by NK cells and to increase cytotoxicity by NK and LAK cells. The expression of the receptor for this cytokine on NK cells is, however, continuous in character, but only a very small percentage of these cells have receptors of great affinity. The study of differential use of Janus kinase-signal transducer activator of transcription signaling pathways in the stimulation of human NK cells by IL-2, IL-12, and IFNa has demonstrated a differential phosphorylation and consequent differential activation of both separate and overlapping STAT proteins by IL-2, IL-12, and IFNa. This may provide a molecular basis for the similarities and differences in the actions of these cytokines on NK cells. ... 

Yu CR, Lin JX, Fink DW, et al. Differential utilization of Janus kinase-signal transducer activator of transcription signaling pathways in the stimulation of human natural killer cells by IL-2, IL-12, and IFN-a. 

Wallace, A.D. and J.A. Cidlowski. Proteasome-mediated glucocorticoid receptor degradation restricts transcriptional signaling by glucocorticoids. J. Biol. Chem. 276 42714-42721, 2001. 

These numbers refer to transcription signals on the previous page... 

GH stimulation. This led to the discovery that an intracellular signaling protein and transcription factor, termed STAT5b, is present in its nuclear, tyrosine phosphorylated form at a substantially higher level in male rat liver than in female rat liver 3, STATs are latent cytoplasmic transcription factors that are activated by tyrosine phosphorylation induced by a variety of cytokines and growth factors, and were first discovered as signal mediators that carry transcription signals into the nucleus in the interferon signaling pathway ". ... 

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