Antacids stomach

Hydrogen chloride in air can also be a phytotoxicant (88). Tomatoes, sugar beets, and fmit trees of the Pmnus family are sensitive to HCl in air. Exposure of concentrated hydrochloric acid to the skin can cause chemical bums or dermatitis. Whereas the irritation is noticed readily, the acid can be water flushed from the exposed area. Copious use of miming water is the only recommended safety procedure for any external exposure. Ingestion is seldom a problem because hydrochloric acid is a normal constituent of the stomach juices. If significant quantities are accidentally swallowed, it can be neutrali2ed by antacids. 

Stomach acid is approximately 0.020 M HC1. What volume of this add is neutralized by an antacid tablet that weighs 330 mg and contains 41.0% Mg(OH)2, 36.2% NaHCOj, and 22.8% NaCl The reactions involved are... 

Taking too much antacid may cause file stomach to secrete excess stomach acid. Consult file primary care provider or pharmacist about appropriate dose Do not use the maximum dose for more than 2 weeks, except under file supervision of a primary care provider. 

Sucralfate—Take on an empty stomach 1 hour before meals. Antacids may be taken for pain but not within 1/2 hour before or after sucralfate. Therapy will continue for 4 to 8 weeks. Keep all follow-up appointments with tiie primary health care provider. 

Sodium bicarbonate is used as a leavening in breads, as a stomach antacid, as a buffering agent to adjust the acidity or alkalinity of a product, as a mild abrasive in toothpaste, and as an odor absorber. Sodium bicarbonate reacts with acids to release carbon dioxide gas. 

Sodium hydrogen carbonate is a common ingredient in antacid remedies. Using information from the equation for the reaction, explain how this chemical could relieve a stomach that contains excess acid. 

Rain is the most common chief complaint. Rain can be dull or sharp, and it may be localized to the area around the stomach or can radiate to the back. The pain is not relieved by antacids and can be provoked by ethanol ingestion or a fatty meal.33... 

Levodopa, a dopamine precursor, is the most effective agent for PD. Patients experience a 40% to 50% improvement in motor function. It is absorbed in the small intestine and peaks in the plasma in 30 to 120 minutes. A stomach with excess acid, food, or anticholinergic medications will delay gastric emptying time and decrease the amount of levodopa absorbed. Antacids decrease stomach acidity and improve levodopa absorption. Levodopa requires active transport by a large, neutral amino acid transporter protein from the small intestine into the plasma and from the plasma across the blood-brain barrier into the brain (Fig. 29-2). Levodopa competes with other amino acids, such as those contained in food, for this transport mechanism. Thus, in advanced disease, adjusting the timing of protein-rich meals in relationship to levodopa doses may be helpful. Levodopa also binds to iron supplements and administration of these should be spaced by at least 2 hours from the levodopa dose.1,8,16,25... 

The location of the tip of the feeding tube is important when considering medication administration down a feeding tube. This is particularly true if the medication acts locally in the GI tract itself. For example, sucralfate and antacids act locally in the stomach. Therefore, administration of these medications through a duodenal or jejunal tube is not logical. Likewise, for medications such as itraconazole that require acid for best absorption, administration directly into the duodenum or jejunum would be expected to result in suboptimal absorption. Absorption of drugs when administered directly into the small bowel, especially the jejunum, rather than into the stomach is another area where more research would be useful. 

Sometimes, the body needs some help regulating its acid-base balance. People who experience heartburn, for example, may resort to taking an antacid to neutralize the stomach acid creeping up their esophagus. One popular antacid, milk of magnesia, is actually magnesium hydroxide. The reaction between stomach acid and milk of magnesia is a neutralization reaction ... 

Penicillamine is well absorbed (40-70%) from the gastro-intestinal tract and, therefore, has a decided advantage over many chelating agents. Food, antacids, and iron reduce its absorption, so it should be taken on an empty stomach. Preferably, the... 

The number of mmoles of HC1 in your stomach is roughly nine times greater than the number of mmoles of HC1 that can be neutralized by a single antacid tablet. However, about 2 tablets are sufficient to neutralize the excess HC1 in the stomach by reducing its concentration down to the normal 8.0 x 10-2 M level. 

Clorazepate, a prodrug, is converted to desmethyldiazepam in the stomach through a pH-dependent process that may be impaired by concurrent antacid use. Several other BZs are also converted to desmethyldiazepam, which has a long half-life and can accumulate, especially in the elderly and those with impaired oxidation. 

In this experiment the neutralizing power of various antacids will be determined. Antacids contain basic compounds that will neutralize stomach acid (stomach acid is HC1). The amount of base in the antacid tablets will be determined by an acid-base titration. It is a back titration method. This method is used because most antacids produce carbon dioxide gas, which can interfere with the titration. By initially adding an excess of acid, one can drive off the C02 by boiling the solution before titrating the excess acid. There are many brands of commercial antacids with various ingredients. A few of the common ones are listed below ... 

Acid indigestion, also known as heartburn, is caused by the excess production of stomach acid. Eating a large meal may bring on acid indigestion. Commercial antacids contain basic salts that neutralize the excess acids. Design a titration experiment to test the effectiveness of various brands of antacids. 

Some acids, from strongly acidic to weakly acidic, are stomach acid, lemon juice, vinegar, sauerkraut, and rainwater. Some bases, from strongly basic to weakly basic, are toilet-bowl cleaners, limestone, ammonia, antacids, baking soda, and egg whites. 

Name some common antacids and describe what ingredients make them work. How do they help upset stomachs ... 

Sodium carbonate (Na CO ) is the eleventh most used industrial chemical in the United States. It is commonly used as a bleaching agent and is manufactured in a two-step process. First, ammonia is combined with carbon dioxide to form sodium chloride and water, which reacts to form sodium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride (NH + CO + NaCl + H O —> NaHCOj + NH Cl). Sodium bicarbonate, commonly known as baking soda, is used as a leavening agent in baking, as an antacid to relieve stomach acid, and as a component for fire extinguishers. The second step is known as the Solvay process, wherein the sodium bicarbonate is heated and converted into sodium carbonate (NaHCO A— Na CO + H O + CO ). 

Milk of Magnesia is an alkaline (basic) water suspension and creamy-like suspended form of magnesium hydroxide, MglOH). It is used as an antacid to neutralize excess stomach acid. Magnesium can also be used in the form of Epsom salts as a treatment for rashes and as a laxative. A more important commercial use of Epsom salts is in the tanning of leather, as well as in the dyeing of fabrics. 

Sodium alginate forms a raft on the stomach contents leading to a reduction in reflux. Aluminium is an insoluble salt that is used as an antacid with no particular advantage in reflux. Chloroform water is a traditional preparation to reduce colic. Sucrose and lactose are sugars with no effect on gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. 

Now the question that arises is, Why do above mentioned antihistamines not affect the secretion of acid in stomach The reason is that antiallergic and antacid drugs work on different receptors. 

This statement refers to the classification according to pharmacological effect of the drug because any drug which will be used to counteract the effect of excess acid in the stomach will be called antacid. 

Sucralfate (A) contains numerous aluminum hydroxide residues. However, it is not an antacid because it fails to lower the overall acidity of gastric juice. After oral intake, sucralfate molecules undergo cross-linking in gastric juice, forming a paste that adheres to mucosal defects and exposed deeper layers. Here sucralfate intercepts H+. Protected from acid, and also from pepsin, trypsin, and bile acids, the mucosal defect can heal more rapidly. Sucralfate is taken on an empty stomach (1 h before meals and at bedtime). It is well tolerated however, released AP+ions can cause constipation. 

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