Anionic surfactant hydrotrope

Choose alkylnaphthalene sulfonates and sulfosuccinate esters as hydrotropes in formulations where foaming needs to be controlled, as they enhance solubility of anionic surfactants without increasing foam amount [20],... 

In recent studies, Friberg and co-workers (J, 2) showed that the 21 carbon dicarboxylic acid 5(6)-carboxyl-4-hexyl-2-cyclohexene-1-yl octanoic acid (C21-DA, see Figure 1) exhibited hydrotropic or solubilizing properties in the multicomponent system(s) sodium octanoate (decanoate)/n-octanol/C2i-DA aqueous disodium salt solutions. Hydrotropic action was observed in dilute solutions even at concentrations below the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the alkanoate. Such action was also observed in concentrates containing pure nonionic and anionic surfactants and C21-DA salt. The function of the hydrotrope was to retard formation of a more ordered structure or mesophase (liquid crystalline phase). 

This anionic surfactant (Figure 8.5) is also derived from oleochemical sources and has a good biodegradability profile. It is currently used in only a limited number of markets (primarily in Japan), but has recently gained some prominence in the U.S. market. Its good hardness tolerance characteristics (Figure 8.12) and its ability to also function as a hydrotrope make this surfactant a good candidate... 

Part Two, Surfactants, contains chapters on the four major classes of surfactants, i.e. anionics, nonionics, cationics and zwitterionics, as well as chapters on polymeric surfactants, hydrotropes and novel surfactants. The physico-chemical properties of surfactants and properties of liquid crystalline phases are the topics of two comprehensive chapters. The industrially important areas of surfactant-polymer systems and environmental aspects of surfactants are treated in some detail. Finally, one chapter is devoted to computer simulations of surfactant systems. 

Potassium pyrophosphate Sodium metasihcate Potassium sihcate, hquid Nonionic surfactants Anionic surfactant Coupling agent, hydrotrope Filler... 

This method can be used in the presence of anionic surfactants and hydrotropes, but anionics may depress the colour intensity. 

MACKAMIDE MC is an excellent foam stabilizer and viscosity builder when blended with anionic surfactants. It is especially effective in syndet bars, soap pads or any application where low solubility is desirable. MACKAMIDE MC will provide a slow release of surfactants. It is also very effective in clear liquid systems where sufficient hydrotrope (SXS, AXS, propylene glycol, etc.) are incorporated in the system to solubilize the amide. 

TRITON Hydrotropes are anionic phosphate ester compounds that are highly efficient at solubilizing conventional and low-foam nonionic and anionic surfactants. In addition, these compounds function as highly efficient anionic surfactants in alkaline builder solutions. 

TRITON QS-44 is an anionic surfactant and a unique hydrotrope that is especially useful in combination with nonionic surfactants in alkaline cleaning baths. It functions effectively without a co-surfactant in many applications requiring highly alkaline conditions. 

Betaines have hydrotropic properties, helping to solubilize ethoxylated nonionic surfactants in the presence of salting-out ions. Betaines are especially noild to skin and have the ability to improve the skin tolerance against irritating anionic surfactants. 

As mentioned earlier, hydrotropes can reduce viscosity. This is also a property of SMEs. In Figure 13 the viscosity versus sodium chloride response curve of a test formulation is shown. Different commercial grade anionic surfactants are evaluated for their viscosity response. The NaLAS was a Cl 1.4 high-2-phenyl, high-tetralin sodium linear alkylbenzenesulfonate NaAES was a sodium 3-mole ethoxylaurylsulfate Na SME was a blend of C13.6 SME/sulfonated fatty acid and the NaAOS was a sodium C14,16 alpha-olefinsulfonate. 

Uses Surfactant, hydrotrope for anionics or nonionics, wetting agent, detergent for aikaiine buiit iiq. detergents, aii-purpose hard-surf, deaners, spray metai cieaners, floor scrubbers, wax strippers... 

Uses Hydrotrope for nonionic and anionic surfactants in alkaline and acid systems, low-foam, high-pressure detergents solubilizer for water disp. nonionics Features Low-foaming improved acid stability Regulatery DOT nonregulated... 

Uses Nonfoaming surfactant, hydrotrope effective over wide range of electrolyte cones. couples nonionics into heavy-duty built alkaline cleaners controls cloud pt. in anionic/nonionic systems rec, for household and industrial detergents, e.g., bottle washing, high-pressure spray cleaners, alkaline degreasers, transportation cleaners, hard surf, cleaners stable in acid and alkaline systems Properties Gardner 3 cl. liq. sol, in 25% NaOH, 30% KOH, 20% HCI, 50% phosphoric acid pH 8.7 50% act. 

Uses Hydrotrope, detergent, wetting agent solubilizer for nonionic surfactants in alkaline cleaning baths, metal cleaning and for nonionic and anionic surfactants in built cones. 

Uses Hydrotrope for coupling nonionic and anionic surfactants into alkaline detergent fonnulations... 

Uses Hydrotrope and vise, modifier for high act. liq. detergents, solubilizer for anionic surfactants... 

Anionic surfactant from benzene-sulfonate or toluene-sulfonate hydrotropes AE from emulsion lubricant... 

The hydrotropes benzene sulfonate and p-toluene sulfonate are well resolved from anionic surfactants by TLC on dodecanol-impregnated silica (7) or polyamide (12) with an ammo-niacal developing solution. Presumably, modern reversed-phase media will give superior performance. Xylene and cumene sulfonates give orange fluorescence with pinacryptol yellow, while p-toluene sulfonate gives a red color (14). 

The procedure is suitable for determination of anionic surfactants in concentrates and in detergent formulations and is used for assay of alkyl aryl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, sulfated APE and AE, and sulfosuccinates. As described in Chapter 1, alkane monosulfonates require special precautions. Phosphate surfactants will generally not be determined. Since the analysis is conducted at pH 2, soap is not determined. Hydrotropes in low concentrations do not interfere, nor do most other detergent constituents. 

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