And dental caries

Vitamin Dj has m.p. 115-117°C and D, m.p. 82 83 "C. Both vitamins, which have almost identical actions, are used for the prevention and cure of infantile rickets they are essential for the normal development of teeth, and are used for treating osteomalacia and dental caries. They are necessary for the absorption of Ca and P from the gut. 

E. Newbmn, ed.. Fluorides and Dental Caries Charles C Thomas PubHshers, Springfield, HI., 1975. 

Ghlorhexidine Gluconate. Chlorhexidine gluconate [18472-51 -0] (l,l -hexamethylene bis[5-(p-chlorophenyl) biguanide] di-D-gluconate) is used as an antimicrobial against both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria ia the oral cavity. It is used as a therapeutic supplement ia the treatment of gingivitis, periodontal disease, and dental caries. A mouth riase form is available as a 0.12 wt% aqueous solution (288). 

The role of molybdenum on inhibition of carcinomas and dental caries... 

James H. Shaw, "Nutrition and Dental Caries," in ibid., pp. 415507. 

A. Thylstrup, O. Fejerskov, C. Bruun, J. Kann, Enamel changes and dental caries in 7-year-old children given fluoride tablets from shortly after birth. Caries Res. 13 (1979) 265-276. 

S.A. Ekiund, B.A. Burt, A.I. Ismail, J.J. Calderone, High fluoride drinking water, fluorosis, and dental caries in adults, J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 114 (1987) 324-328. 

S.R. Estupinan-Day, R. Baez, H. Horowitz, R. Warpela, B. Sutherland, M. Thamer, Salt fluoridation and dental caries in Jamaica, Commun. Dent. Oral Epidemiol. 29 (2001) 247-252. 

F.J. McClure, Ingestion of fluoride and dental caries, quantitative relations based on food and water requirements of children one to twelve years old. Am. J. Dis. Child. 66 (1943) 362-369. 

D.J. Forrester, E.M. Schultz, Proceedings of the International Workshop on Fluorides and Dental Caries Reduction, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 1974. 

Application of sialidase inhibitors for medical use is still in a premature state. It is imaginable that inhibitors would be useful drugs in infections, caused by micro-organisms, that lead to extensive production of sialidase, for example, in gas edema.371 In the oral cavity, plaque formation and dental caries may be influenced by desialylation of salivary glycoconjugates,399 and bacterial sialidases may play a role therein. This process may be retarded by secretion of the inhibitor Neu2en5Ac in saliva at concentrations which, in some cases, were found to be close to the K value for sialidases.34... 

Sucrose and Dental Caries The most prevalent infection in humans worldwide is dental caries, which stems from the colonization and destruction of tooth enamel by a variety of acidifying microorganisms. These organisms synthesize and live within a water-insoluble network of dextrans, called dental plaque, composed of (al 6)-linked polymers of glucose with many (a 1 >3) branch points. Polymerization of dextran requires dietary sucrose, and the reaction is catalyzed by a bacterial enzyme, dextran-sucrose glucosyltransferase. 

There is no direct evidence that the consumption of simple sugars is harmful. Contrary to folklore, diets high in sucrose do not lead to diabetes or hypoglycemia. Also contrary to popular belief, carbohydrates are not inherently fattening. They yield 4 kcal/g (the same as protein and less than half that of fat, see Figure 27.5), and result in fat synthesis only when consumed in excess of the body s energy needs. However, there is an association between sucrose consumption and dental caries, particularly in the absence of fluoride treatment. 

Newbrun, E. 1982. Sugar and dental caries A review of human studies. Science 217,... 

Sweetness is one of the most important taste sensations for humans. Sucrose has been widely used for its sweetness as well as for functional properties such as texture, mouthfeel, bulking agent, and preservative. However, the specialized dietary requirements of diabetics and health concerns about obesity and dental caries have prompted a considerable research effort into the development of alternative sweeteners (1-6). 

The relationship between fluoride and dental caries was first noted in the early part of the 20th century when it was observed that residents of certain areas of USA developed brown stains on their teeth. In the 1930s, it was observed that the prevalence and severity of this type of mottled enamel was directly related to high amounts of ingested fluoride [34],... 

H.T. Dean, F.H. Arnold, E. Elvove, Domestic water and dental caries, Publ. Health Report 57 (1942) 1115-1179. 

Dry mouth, with possible increased risk of enamel erosion and dental caries, has also been described (36). 

The dental examination of thousands of children and adults and the analysis of hundreds of water supply sources for fluoride have shown a remarkable relationship between the concentration of waterborne fluoride and the incidence of dental caries. As a result, the following general relationships between fluoride level and dental caries can be stated (1,5,9,12) ... 

Ripa L Correlations between oral hygiene status, gingival health and dental caries in school-children. J Prevent Dent 1974 1 28-38. 

Kleinberg I, Kanapka JA, Chatterjee R, Craw D, D Angelo N, Sandham HJ Metabolism of nitrogen by the oral mixed bacteria in Kleinberg I, Ellison SA, Mandel ID (eds) Saliva and Dental Caries. New York, Information Retrieval Inc., 1979, pp 357-377. 

Huis in t Veld JH, van Palenstein Helderman WH, Backer Dirks O Streptococcus mutans and dental caries in humans a bacteriological and immunological study. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 1979 45 25-33. 

Liljemark WF, Bloomquist C Human oral microbial ecology and dental caries and periodontal diseases. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1996 7 180-198. 

Pearce E Plaque minerals and dental caries. N Z Dent J 1998 94 12-15. 

Teeth adherent bacterial biofilms, commonly called plaque or plaques, are responsible for the common forms of periodontal disease (Chap. 13) and dental caries (Chap. 15). In children or adults who keep their teeth clean and have no periodontal disease, the bacteria in a biofilm (the microbiota) is mostly gram positive and resembles that in saliva or adhering to the oral mucosa. The microbiota is predominantly saccharolytic and the major fermentation... 

If a major salivary gland is lost from trauma or disease, or if nasal allergies or sinus infections cause persistent mouth-breathing, or if tobacco smoking persists, the oral cavity becomes dry (xerostomia). The oral mucosa and teeth become covered with bacteria and dental caries and periodontal disease become difficult to control. The functions of whole... 

The salivary proline-rich proteins have a two-domain structure, a proline poorN-terminal domain that is acidic or basic and determines enamel binding, and a proline-rich C-terminal domain that determines bacterial binding. Individual variations in acidic proline-rich proline allelic composition and in the amount of salivary agglutinin, a secreted innate immunity protein that binds bacteria, may account for differences in biofilm composition and dental caries susceptibility. 

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