Bacterial adherence

O For infective endocarditis to develop, the occurrence of several factors is required. These factors involve alterations to the endocardial surface that allow for bacterial adherence and eventual infection. 

Rosenberg, E., Gottlieb, A. and Rosenberg, M. (1983). Inhibition of bacterial adherence to hydocarbons and epithelial cells by emulsan, Infect. Immun., 39, 1024-1028. 

Enteric bacterial pathogens must maneuver through a lengthy stretch of hazardous terrain before they reach their intended target or infection site within a host. Initially, they must tolerate salivary enzymes having various hydrolytic activities in the mouth, followed by exposure to shedded epithelial cells in the esophagus that may prevent local bacterial adherence (Pearson and Brownlee, 2005). In the stomach, bacteria must endure another severe environment created by the secretion of digestive enzymes and hydrochloric acid (up to 0.1 M concentration and a pH as low as 1.0). Once bacteria reach the intestines, they then encoimter mechanical. 

Both proteinaceous and non-proteinaceous analogs have been studied. Examples include a synthetic 20 amino acid adhesin peptide sequence copied from S. mutans and LTA of groups A and B streptococci. The synthetic peptide mimics a S. mutans adhesin that binds a salivary protein on dental surfaces and was shovm to inhibit bacterial adherence to immobilized salivary receptors in vitro. In vivo, this peptide hindered the recolonization by S. mutans on teeth that had been cleared of the... 

Research aimed at imderstanding bacterial pathogenesis has established the importance of bacterial adherence in disease. This research has led to the identification of a number of both bacterial adhesins and potential host cell receptors. By imderstanding the detailed interactions between a bacterial adhesin and host receptor, it is possible to develop new mechanisms to prevent bacterial adhesion, thereby averting disease. Many promising anti-adhesion mechanisms have been developed and studied, but much more work is needed, both in vitro and in vivo, to establish the feasibility of these mechanisms. 

Aronson, M., Medalia, O., Schori, L., Mirelman, D., Sharon, N., and Ofek, I. (1979). Prevention of colonization of the urinary tract of mice with Escherichia coli by blocking bacterial adherence with methyl alpha-mannopyranoside. /. Infect. Dis. 139, 329-332. 

Jacques, M. (1996). Role of lipo-oligosaccharides and lipopolysaccharides in bacterial adherence. Trends Microbiol. 4, 408-409. 

Joh, D., Warm, E. R., Kreikemeyer, B., Speziale, P., and Hook, M. (1999). Role of fibronectin-binding MSCRAMMs in bacterial adherence and entry into mammalian cells. Matrix Biol. 18, 211-223. 

Knutton, S., Shaw, R. K., Anantha, R. P., Donnenberg, M. S., and Zorgani, A. A. (1999). The type rV bundle-forming pilus of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli undergoes dramatic alterations in structure associated with bacterial adherence, aggregation and dispersal. 

Coriander Coriandrum sativum) Uses t Appetite, treat D, dyspep-sia, flatulence Action Stimulates gastric secretions, spasmolytic effects Available forms Tine 10-30 gtts PO OD Contra w/ PRG or lactation Notes/SE N/V, fatty liver tumors, allergic skin Rxns Interactions T Effects OF oral hypoglycemics EMS T Risk of photosensitivity Rxns may cause hypoglycemia Cranberry [Vaeeinium macreearpon) Uses Prevention UTI urinary deodorizer in urinary incontinence Actions Interferes w/ bacterial adherence to epithelial cells of the bladder Available forms Caps 300-500 mg PO bid-qid unsweetened juice 8-16 oz daily tine 3-5 mL or tincture 1/2-1 tsp up to 3X/d, tea 2-3 tsps of dried flowers/cup creams apply topically 2-3X/d PO SE D, irritation, nephrolithiasis if T urinary Ca oxalate Interactions T Effects OF warfarin ... 

Boren, T., Normark, S., Falk, P. (1994) Helicobacter pylori molecular basis for host recognition and bacterial adherence. Trends Microbiol. 2, 221-228. 

Rosenberg, M. Rosenberg, E. (1985). Bacterial adherence at the hydrocarbon-water interface. Oil and Petrochemical Pollution, 2, 155-62. 

Mack, D. R., and Sherman, P. M. Hydrophobicity and the gastrointestinal tract Methods of determination, its source and implications for bacterial adherence. Colloids Surfaces B 15 355-363, 1999. 

As the main surface component of the bacterial cell envelope LPS is thought to contribute to the restrictive Gram-negative membrane permeability, allowing bacterial growth in unfavourable environments such as those that may be encountered within or on plants. The exclusion of antimicrobial substances of plant origin probably contributes to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to parasitize plants. LPS-defective mutants show increased in vitro sensitivity to antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides and the numbers of viable bacteria often decline very rapidly upon introduction into plants. LPS may also promote bacterial adherence to plant surfaces (Newman et al., 2007). 

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