Anaphylactoid reaction caused

Quiralte J, Sanchez-Garcia F, Torres MJ, Blanco C, Castillo R, Ortega N, de Castro FR, Perez-Aciego P, Carrillo T. Association of HLA-DRll with the anaphylactoid reaction caused by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999 103(4) 685-9. 

Table 2. Incidence of anaphylactoid reactions caused by colloid volume substitutes. (Ring and Messmer 1977)...

Where patients are at risk of Wernicke s encephalopathy - for example, because of chronic alcohol abuse, hyperemesis gravidarum, or malnutrition - they should be given thiamine. In many countries no intravenous preparation of thiamine alone is available, and the compound preparations that are available are prone to cause anaphylactoid reactions, so they should be given by slow infusion, and with adequate facilities for resuscitation. A high potency preparation (Pabrinex ) that contains thiamine 250 mg in 10 ml with ascorbic acid, nicotinamide, pyridoxine and riboflavin, can be given by intravenous infusion over 10 min. 

Iodides should not be used alone since the normal gland will escape from iodide blockade in 2-8 weeks. Chronic use in pregnancy is not recommended because it crosses placenta and cause fetal goitre. Iodide treatment results in high intrathyroidal iodide content that can delay the onset of thioamide therapy or delay the use for radioactive iodine therapy for weeks if not months. Adverse effects include Hodism which is rare and reversible. The clinical symptoms are acneiform rash, sialadenitis, mucous membrane ulceration, conjuctivitis, rhinor-rhoea, metallic taste and rarely anaphylactoid reaction. 

NSAIDs can impair renal function, cause fluid retention, and provoke hypersensitivity reactions, including bronchospasm, aggravation of asthma, urticaria, nasal polyps, and rarely, anaphylactoid reactions. These reactions may occur even in those who have previously used NSAIDs without any ill effects. NSAIDs inhibit uterine contraction and can cause premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus. 

Serious adverse reactions caused by palivizumab are rare. Mild erythema and pain may occur at the injection site. Although no anaphylactoid reactions have been reported to date, the possibility of this reaction exists because palivizumab is a protein. 

Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, glossitis, dysphagia, maculopapular and erythematous rashes and photosensitivity hypersensitivity reactions including urticaria, angioneurotic edema, anaphylaxis, anaphylactoid reactions. They also cause discoloration of deciduous teeth. 

Warnings Should be administered in facilities equipped and staffed with adequate laboratory and supportive medical resources Administration of proteins may cause possible anaphylactoid reactions (none reported) Immunosuppressive therapies increase risk for lymphoproliferative disorders and opportunistic infections (incidence in basiliximab-treated patients is similar to placebo)... 

Ondansetron generally does not cause severe toxicity. Headache and constipation are the most frequent adverse effects. Light-headedness, dizziness, and transient increases in serum aminotransferase activity can occur. Extrapyramidal effects have occurred rarely, and anaphylactoid reactions have been reported. 

There are known cases (albeit not many) of anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions to benzoates and parabens, although no systematic anaphylaxis has been observed after orally ingested parabens. Moreover, asthmatic reactions caused by benzoates and parabens have been reported (Fahrenholz and Smith 2008). 

Theis JG, Liau-Chu M, Chan HS, Doyle J, Greenberg ML, Koren G. Anaphylactoid reactions in children receiving high-dose intravenous cyclosporine for reversal of tumor resistance The causative role of improper dissolution of Cremophor EL. J Clin Oncol 1995 13 2508-16. 

Anaphylactic reactions result from the interaction of antigens with specific IgE antibodies, which have been formed by previous exposure to the antigen. Anaphylactoid reactions are clinically indistinguishable from anaphylaxis but do not result from prior exposure to a triggering agent and do not involve IgE. Intravenous anaesthetics and muscle relaxants can cause anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reactions and, rarely, they are fatal. Muscle relaxants are responsible for 70% of anaphylactic reactions during anaesthesia and suxamethonium accormts for almost half of these. 

Adverse effects. General reactions include headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, disorientation, pressure sensations in the chest, myalgia, hypotension, a metallic taste, urticaria and hypersensitivity. Intravenous iron may rarely cause anaphylactoid reactions and facilities for cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be available. 

Alfadolone and alfaxolone are two steroid anesthetics that were used in combination. However, the mixture has been withdrawn because of safety considerations regarding the solvent used, polyethoxylated castor oil (Cremophor EL), which can cause non-IgE-mediated anaphylactic (anaphylactoid) reactions (SED-10,189) (1). 

Kammerl MC, Schaefer RM, Schweda F, Schreiber M, Riegger GA, Kramer BK. Extracorporal therapy with AN69 membranes in combination with ACE inhibition causing severe anaphylactoid reactions still a current problem Clin Nephrol 2000 53(6) 486-8. 

Non-IgE-mediated anaphylactic (anaphylactoid) reactions suspected to be caused by dextran as used in BCG vaccines have been described (SEDA-16, 375). 

Among the anaphylactic reactions to NSAIDs that result in different types of reaction (urticaria, angioedema, asthma, or hypotension), there have been very few reports of anaphylactic shock. However, anaphylaxis has been described in patients taking celecoxib (135,136) or rofecoxib (137). Rofecoxib caused anaphylaxis in a patient who had had a similar reaction to diclofenac, suggesting that COX-2 inhibitors may be not safe in all individuals who have adverse reactions to non-selective COX inhibitors. It also suggests that different mechanisms may be involved in patients with asthma and in those with anaphylactoid reactions to NSAIDs. 

Fink E, Lemke HD, Verresen L, Shimamoto K. Kinin generation by hemodialysis membranes as a possible cause of anaphylactoid reactions. Braz J Med Biol Res 1994 27 1975-83. 

Intradermal tests with phytomenadione and menadione caused an allergic skin reaction 7-22 days after injection in 13 of 145 healthy subjects. The results suggested that the index of cutaneous sensitivity lies somewhere between 5.5 and 8.9%. On the other hand, the absence of adverse effects with oral phytomenadione is striking. Continuation of treatment orally can in some cases prevent dermatitis (10). No cross-sensitivity has been seen between phytomenadione and menadione (22). Anaphylactoid reactions, some fatal, to phytomenadione... 

Fatalities from normal doses and overdoses of intravenous NAC have not been reported. This is most probably due to the fact that the body produces this compound naturally and can rapidly metabolize it in the liver. Toxicity is usually limited to anaphylactoid reactions and nausea/vomiting. The average time for the onset of adverse effects following commencement of the infusion of NAC was 30 min (range, 5-70 min). In vivo and in vitro tests indicate that NAC is an inhibitor of allergen tachyphylaxis by inhibition of prostaglandin E synthesis. Adverse reactions are anaphylactoid in type and have been attributed to cause histamine release. 

Note Apomorphine contains sodium metabisulfite which is capable of causing anaphylactoid reactions in patients with sulfite allergy... 

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