Iodide treatment

Thiation of [l,2,4]triazino[3,2-h]quinazoline-3,10-dione 782 with phosphorus pentasulfide in pyridine proceeded selectively to give the 3-thioxo analogue 783. The latter was converted to the corresponding 3-methylthio derivative 784 by reaction with methyl iodide. Treatment of 784 with hydrazine gave 785, which was converted to 786 and 787 by cyclization with formic acid or carbon disulfide (90JHC591). Cyclization of 785 with sodium nitrite in hydrochloric acid gave 788 (90JHC591). 

Iodides should not be used alone since the normal gland will escape from iodide blockade in 2-8 weeks. Chronic use in pregnancy is not recommended because it crosses placenta and cause fetal goitre. Iodide treatment results in high intrathyroidal iodide content that can delay the onset of thioamide therapy or delay the use for radioactive iodine therapy for weeks if not months. Adverse effects include Hodism which is rare and reversible. The clinical symptoms are acneiform rash, sialadenitis, mucous membrane ulceration, conjuctivitis, rhinor-rhoea, metallic taste and rarely anaphylactoid reaction. 

Eeckhout E, Willemsen M, Deconinck A, Somers G. Granulomatous vasculitis as a complication of potassium iodide treatment for Sweet s syndrome. Acta Dermatol Venereol 1987 67(4) 362 1. 

N-Methylation of secondary amines is usually accomplished either with CH20/HC02H (Leuckart/Clarke-Eschweiler reaction) or with CH20 followed by NaBH4 reduction. Methyl iodide treatment of secondary or tertiary bisben-zylisoquinoline alkaloids leads ultimately to the bis quaternary salts, and, in the presence of base, phenolic alkaloids are also O-alkylated. For example, lin-doldhamine (165) on treatment with ethyl bromide in 0.5 N ethanolic KOH gave the N,N,0,0,0-pentaethy 1 derivative (108, Section II,C,56) daurisoline was similarly permethylated with Mel and base (68, Section II,C,19). 

The racemic aminoalcohol 207 has been resolved into both enantiomeric forms with (D)-(-)-mandelic acid. Liberation of the amines, following by quaternization with methyl iodide, treatment with silver oxide, and heating in water gave the optically active oxiranes 208 and 209. 

Mercury di-isoamyl is insoluble in water, slightly in alcohol, but readily soluble in ether. It does not oxidise in air, but when dropj ed into chlorine it forms isoamyl mercuric chloride. In contact with solid iodine it reacts with a hissing sound, and the reaction with bromine is still more violent. An ethereal solution of mercury di-isoamyl treated first with alcoholic and then with solid iodine gives isoamyl mercuric iodide and isoamyl iodide. Treatment with an excess of mercuric chloride in alcohol yields isoamyl mercuric chloride. 

The first observation of the instability of carbohydrate orthoesters toward alkali came from Haworth, Hirst and Miller in connection with their experiments on the simultaneous deacetylation and methylation of L-rhamnose methyl 1,2-orthoacetate. These authors noticed that methylation by methyl iodide and silver oxide in the presence of solid sodium hydroxide resulted in the formation of crystalline methyl tri-methyl-/3-L-rhamnopyranoside. A similar result was obtained by Bott, Haworth and Hirst on the simultaneous deacetylation and methylation of triacetyl-D-mannose methyl 1,2-orthoacetate by the use of excessive quantities of dimethyl sulfate and alkali. The reaction produced a mixture of a. and /3 forms of methyl tetramethyl-D-mannopyranoside but the yield was only 40%. When the acetylated orthoester was submitted to methylation with silver oxide and methyl iodide in the presence of sodium hydroxide, the product was mainly trimethyl-rhamnose methyl 1,2-orthoacetate. This result indicates that for the alkaline hydrolysis of orthoesters, hydroxyl ions are necessary. Such ions are present in the dimethyl sulfate-alkali process, but are absent in the methyl iodide treatment except when the reaction mixture contains a little water either by accident or from the decomposition of the sugar molecule. Haworth, Hirst and Samuels examined the behavior of dimethyl-L-rhamnose methyl 1,2-orthoacetate in alkaline solution. When the substance was heated under various conditions with 0.1 A alkali at 70 there was no appreciable hydrolysis at the end of ninety minutes, whereas at 80 for... 

The kinetograms of an untreated but demineralized sample and that of a sample treated with CH3I are shown in Figure 4. The data show that the methyl iodide treatment results in lower recovery of organic sulfur and in a change in its distribution. In particular, some of the... 

Palladium(II) acetate micro-encapsulated in polyurea is an economical and versatile heterogeneous catalyst for a range of phosphine-free cross-coupling reactions in both conventional solvents and supercritical carbon dioxide. The catalyst can be recovered by simple filtration and recycled up to four times [93]. The potential of these materials has been demonstrated by their efficacy in Suzuld-type couplings. Investigations have centered upon carbonylation reactions to prepare aryl esters from commercially available aryl iodides. Treatment of iodo-methyl benzene tvith 3 mol% of catalyst in butanol and triethylamine at 90 °C under an atmosphere of carbon monoxide afforded butyl-methyl benzoate in an excellent yield of 89% in 16 h. 

Synthesis of aromatic iodides. Treatment of an arylthallium ditrifluoroacetate with aqueous potassium iodide at room temperature results in rapid precipitation of thallium iodide and formation of the corresponding aromatic iodide in high yield 2... 

In a second set of experiments, the coal product from the initial [14C]fluorenyllithium and methyl iodide treatment was reacted with unlabeled fluorenyllithium and methyl iodide. Under this set of serial treatment conditions, run at two different isotopic enrichments, as much as 40% (w/ w) of the isotopic label can be removed. The fate of the 14C label was established when the reaction byproducts, fluorene and 9-methylfluorene, were recovered and detected at the expected isotopic enrichment level. This important observation demonstrates that the incorporated reagent can be removed from the coal by chemical exchange and thus suggests a reversible reaction. 

The presence of environmental goitrogens was suggested by the resistance of endemic goiters to iodine prophylaxis and iodide treatment in Italy and Colombia. In the past, endemic outbreaks of hypothyroidism have pointed toward calcium as a source of waterborne goitrogenicity, and it is presently believed that calcium is a weak goitrogen able to cause latent hypothyroidism to come to the surface. 

Evidence has been advanced for assignment of structure CCXXVI to the zwitterion [the so-called betaine (120)] derived from cevine methiodide upon attempted Hofmann degradation (121). Acetylation of the zwitterion with acetic anhydride afforded a diacetate C-ortho-acetate isolated as the hydriodide monohydrate. The zwitterion hydrio-dide was synthesized by room temperature methylation of cevagenine with methyl iodide. Treatment of the zwitterion hydriodide in alcohol with silver oxide at room temperature afforded the free zwitterion (CCXXVI) (121). 

FIGURE 5. Thyroid volume decrease and iodine concentration increase in children and adolescents with non-toxic goiter under iodide treatment. 

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