Ammonia INDEX

The relative susceptibHity of several commercial aHoys is presented in Table 8. The index used is a relative rating based on integrating performance in various environments. These environments include the harsh condition of exposure to moist ammonia, Hght-to-moderate industrial atmospheres, marine atmosphere, and an accelerated test in Mattsson s solution. The latter testing is described in ASTM G30 and G37 (35,36) and is intended to simulate industrial atmospheres. The index is linear. A rating of 1000 relates to the most susceptible and zero designates immunity to stress corrosion. 

To a solution of 93.8 g of the monoglycol ester in 500 ml of benzene, there are added 55 g of nicotinic acid chloride and 25 g of trimethylemine dissolved in 200 ml of benzene. The solution is stirred gently at a temperature of 60°C for two hours. After this time, the solution is cooled and washed successively with water, dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute ammonia and water until neutrality, it is dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the sol vent Is evaporated under vacuum In this wey llOg of glycol 2-(p-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropionate nico-tlnate Is prepared, which represents a yield of 84%. The product is a sllghly yellow oil having a refraction index of no = 1.5422 and which is distilled with decomposition et 214°C at a pressure of 0.3 mm. 

APPENDIX 1 RELATIVE ATOMIC MASSES. 1985 819 APPENDIX 2 INDEX OF ORGANIC CHEMICAL REAGENTS 820 APPENDIX 3 CONCENTRATIONS OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF THE COMMON ACIDS AND OF AQUEOUS AMMONIA 829... 

Structure Sensitivity over Pe. Table II presents the rates of ammonia synthesis over each of the low Miller index planes of Pe. 

The index works out at 21 classified as Fight . Ammonia would not normally be considered a dangerously flammable material the danger of an internal explosion in the reactor is the main process hazard. The toxicity of ammonia and the corrosiveness of nitric acid would also need to be considered in a full hazard evaluation. 

Musumarra et al. [44] also identified miconazole and other drugs by principal components analysis of standardized thin-layer chromatographic data in four eluent systems and of retention indexes on SE 30. The principal component analysis of standardized R values in four eluents systems ethylacetate-methanol-30% ammonia (85 10 15), cyclohexane-toluene-diethylamine (65 25 10), ethylacetate-chloroform (50 50), and acetone with plates dipped in potassium hydroxide solution, and of gas chromatographic retention indexes in SE 30 for 277 compounds provided a two principal components model that explains 82% of the total variance. The scores plot allowed identification of unknowns or restriction of the range of inquiry to very few candidates. Comparison of these candidates with those selected from another principal components model derived from thin-layer chromatographic data only allowed identification of the drug in all the examined cases. 

Only 1,3,5,7-tetraazaadamantane is known. It is also called hexamethylenetetramine (93) (HMT), hexamine, aminoform, ammoform, cyctamin, cystogen, formin, uritone, urotropin, and methenamine. It is listed by the last name in the Merck Index. It is prepared from formaldehyde and ammonia. The chemistry of this well-known compound is not discussed in this review. 

Figure 6.2. (a) The effects of salinity on the sensitivity of standard additions of ammonia in laboratory mixed waters ( ) and in waters from the Tamar estuary (A) expressed as percentage of response in river water. For comparison, the salt error curves reported by Loder and Gilbert [3] are also shown (... and —, respectively), (b) Contribution of reactive index and organic absorbance to the optical blacks in the Chemlab Colorimeter. = River water-seawater mixture, o = De-ionized water-seawater mixture. Source [2]... 

Widespread medicinal use of colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS) has prompted extensive studies of bismuth compounds involving the citrate anion. Bismuth citrate is essentially insoluble in water, but a dramatic increase in solubility with increasing pH has been exploited as a bio-ready source of soluble bismuth, a material referred to as CBS. Formulation of these solutions is complicated by the variability of the bismuth anion stoichiometry, the presence of potassium and/ or ammonium cations, the susceptibility of bismuth to oxygenation to Bi=0, and the incorporation of water in isolated solids. Consequently, a variety of formulas are classified in the literature as CBS. Solids isolated from various, often ill-defined combinations of bismuth citrate, citric acid, potassium hydroxide, or ammonium hydroxide have been assigned formulas on the basis of elemental analysis data or by determination of water and ammonia content, but are of low significance in the absence of complementary data other than thermal analysis (163), infrared spectroscopy (163), or NMR spectroscopy (164). In this context, the Merck index lists the chemical formula of CBS as KgfNHJaBieOafOHMCeHsCbh in the 11th edition (165), but in the most recent edition provides a less precise name, tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate (166). 

Prior to solving the structure for SSZ-31, the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons provided information about the pore structure such as the constraint index that was determined to be between 0.9 and 1.0 (45, 46). Additionally, the conversion of m-xylene over SSZ-31 resulted in a para/ortho selectivity of <1 consistent with a ID channel-type zeolite (47). The acidic NCL-1 has also been found to catalyze the Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate (48). The nature of the acid sites has recently been evaluated using pyridine and ammonia adsorption (49). Both Br0nsted and Lewis acid sites are observed where Fourier transform-infrared (FT IR) spectra show the hydroxyl groups associated with the Brpnsted acid sites are at 3628 and 3598 cm-1. The SSZ-31 structure has also been modified with platinum metal and found to be a good reforming catalyst. 

Aono, K. et al., J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1981, 1190-1195 In the preparation of l,T-azo-2-R-l,2-dicarbadodecaborane(14) by oxidation of the aminocarbaborane anions in liquid ammonia, toluene or other inert solvent must be added before evaporation of ammonia to prevent explosions. Individually indexed compounds are ... 

This series, either as the free alkyls or their ether complexes, is extremely reactive, igniting in air or carbon dioxide and reacting violently or explosively with alcohols, ammonia or water. Individually indexed compounds are ... 

Several explosive salts including the acetylide, azide, borate, bromate, chlorate, chromate, iodate (and ammonium iodate double salt), nitrite, perchlorate (and ammonium perchlorate double salt), periodate, permanganate, picrate and trinitrobenzoate were prepared. The 3 latter salts and the acetylide, azide and bromate are impact-sensitive detonators [1], It appears probable that many of the explosively unstable compounds [2], formed in various ways from interaction of mercury or its compounds with ammonia or its salts, may have the common polymeric structure now recognised for Millon s base [3], This is a silica-like network of N+ and Hg in 4- and 2-coordination, respectively, with OH and water in the interstitial spaces. Individually indexed compounds are Poly(dimercuryimmonium acetylide)... 

NH4CI is acidic in aqueous solution the pH of 1%, 3%, and 10% solution at 25°C are 5.5, 5.1 and 5.0, respectively. (Merck 1996. The Merck Index, 12th ed. Rahway, NJ Merck Co.) It loses ammonia and becomes more acidic on prolonged exposure or storage. It reacts with iron, copper, nickel and other metals and some of their alloys such as bronze and brass. It reacts with alkalies forming NH3. 

White tetragonal or orthorhombic crystal density 1.17g/cm3 refractive index 1.74 unstable, sublimes readily at ordinary temperatures vapor pressure 748 torr at 32°C highly soluble in water, alcohol, liquid ammonia and liquid hydrogen sulfide insoluble in benzene, hexane and ether. 

Colorless monochnic crystal saline taste refractive index 1.52 density 1.619 g/cm3 melts at 155°C (decomposes) very soluble in water (57 g/100 g at 10°C and 106.7g/100g at 70°C, respectively) insoluble in alcohol, acetone, and liquid ammonia. 

White powder cubic crystals the mineral marshite is a red-brown crytal density 5.67 g/cm refractive index 2.346 hardness 2.5 Mohs melts at 606°C vaporizes around 1,290°C insoluble in water and dilute acids soluble in aqueous solutions of ammonia and alkali salts of cyanide, iodide and thiosulfate ions. 

Colorless orthorhombic crystals refractive index 1.804 Moh s hardness 3-3.5 density 6.60 g/cm decomposes on heating at 315°C practically insoluble in water (1.1 mg/L at 20°C) Ksp 1.46xlCLi3 at 25°C also insoluble in alcohol and ammonia soluble in acids and alkahes. 

Yellow monoclinic crystals refractive index 2.31 density 6.12 g/cm melts at 844°C decomposes on further heating insoluble in water also insoluble in ammonia and acetic acid soluble in acids and alkalies. 

Colorless cubic or monoclinic crystals refractive index 1.782 density 4.53 g/cm3 at 20°C decomposes at 470°C soluble in cold water very soluble in boiling water 127 g/100 mL at 100°C also soluble in caustic soda, caustic potash and ammonia solution, and moderately soluble in alcohol. 

White cubic crystals refractive index 1.955 density 4.076 g/cm melts at 449°C vaporizes around 1,180°C highly soluble in water (165 g/lOOg at 20°C), solubdity greatly increases in hot water (433g/100g at 80°C) also very soluble in methanol (343 g/lOOg at 20°C) and ammonia soluble in acetone (42.6g/100g at 18°C). 

White trigonal crystals hygroscopic refractive index 1.735 density 2.38 g/cm melts to a clear melt at 264°C decomposes at 600°C highly soluble in water (90g/100g at 28° C solubility greatly increases with temperature (234g/100g at 100°C) also, soluble in methanol, pyridine and ammonia solution. 

The anhydrous salt consists of white trigonal crystals refractive index 1.717 density 2.958 g/cm decomposes at 350°C practically insoluble in water (106 mg/L at room temperature) Ksp 1.0x10- low to moderate solubility under partial pressure of CO2 (3.5 and 5.9 g MgCOs/lOOg saturated solution at CO2 pressure 2 and 10 atm, respectively) insoluble in acetone and ammonia dissolves in acids. 

Yellow cubic crystals or powder refractive index 2.253 darkens on exposure to light Mohs hardness 2.5 density 6.47g/cm3 melts at 432°C vaporizes at 1,502°C insoluble in water, alcohol, and most acids slightly soluble in dilute ammonia and ammonium carbonate solutions sparingly soluble in concentrated ammonia solution (0.33 g/lOOmL 10% ammonia solution at 12°C) ... 

White granular powder or cubic crystals refractive index 2.071 darkens on exposure to hght density 5.56 g/cm Moh s hardness 2.5 melts at 455°C vaporizes at 1,547°C vapor pressure 1 and 5 torr at 912 and 1,019°C insoluble in water, alcohol and dilute acids soluble in ammonia solution and concentrated sulfuric acid, alkali cyanide, ammonium carbonate also soluble in potassium bromide and sodium thiosulfate solutions. 

Silvery needles refractive index 1.470 density 0.92 g/cm decomposes at 800°C decomposes explosively in water reacts violently with lower alco-hols dissolves in molten sodium and molten sodium hydroxide insoluble in liquid ammonia, benzene, carbon tetrachloride and carbon disulfide. 

Anhydrous salt is a colorless, cubic, crystalline solid refractive index 1.650 density 3.052 g/cm melts at 875°C vaporizes at 1,250°C very slightly soluble in absolute alcohol and acetone insoluble in liquid ammonia. 

White crystalline powder sharp metallic taste orthorhombic structure refractive index 1.5452 density 4.20 g/cm very hygroscopic melts at 394°C vaporizes at 650°C highly soluble in water 447g/100 mL at 20°C aqueous solution acidic very soluble in alcohol, ether, and acetone soluble in alkali hydroxides and ammonia solution. 

White or yellowish-white powder odorless bitter taste hexagonal crystal refractive index 2.008 density 5.606 g/cm melts at 1,975°C practically insoluble in water, 1.6 mg/L at about 30°C soluble in dilute acids, ammonia solu-... 

Physical properties of the solvent are used to describe polarity scales. These include both bulk properties, such as dielectric constant (relative permittivity), refractive index, latent heat of fusion, and vaporization, and molecular properties, such as dipole moment. A second set of polarity assessments has used measures of the chemical interactions between solvents and convenient reference solutes (see table 3.2). Polarity is a subjective phenomenon. (To a synthetic organic chemist, dichloromethane may be a polar solvent, whereas to an inorganic chemist, who is used to water, liquid ammonia, and concentrated sulfuric acid, dichloromethane has low polarity.)... 

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