Response metabolic

Piantado.si, C. A., Thalmann, E. D., and Spauq W. H. (1981). Metabolic response to tesoira-tory heat loss—induced core cooling. /. Appl. Physiol. 50, 829-8,34. 

FIGURE 5.4 Microphysiometry responses of HEK 293 cells transfected with human calcitonin receptor, (a) Use of microphysiometry to detect receptor expression. Before transfection with human calcitonin receptor cDNA, HEK cells do not respond to human calcitonin. After transfection, calcitonin produces a metabolic response, thereby indicating successful membrane expression of receptors, (b) Cumulative concentration-response curve to human calcitonin shown in real time. Calcitonin added at the arrows in concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1.10, and lOOnM. Dose-response curve for the effects seen in panel B. 

Stimulation of the insulin receptor results in the activation of two major pathways [3] (i) the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade (discussed in chapter MAP kinase cascade) and (ii) the phospha-tidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) pathway which has been extensively studied in the context of the metabolic responses to insulin (summarized in Table 1 and Fig. 2). 

Spriet, L.L., Gledhill, N., Froese, A.B., Meyers, E.C. (1986). Effect of graded erythrocythemia on cardiovascular and metabolic responses to exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 61, 1942-1948. 

Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Begleiter H, et al Regional brain metabolic response to lorazepam in subjects at risk for alcoholism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 19 510-316, 1995... 

Hanson, A.D. Hitz, W.D. (1982). Metabolic responses of mesophytes to plant water deficits. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 33, 163-203. 

One of the metabolic responses of plants exposed to environmental stress is the production of proteins which may be qualitatively and/or quantitatively different from those produced in the absence of the stress (see Chapter 9 for general discussion). In some cases these responses have been found to depend on genotype for example, when a salt-tolerant cultivar and a salt-sensitive cultivar of barley were exposed to salt stress the shoot tissue responded by synthesising proteins which were cultivar specific. Five new proteins not found in the salt-sensitive barley were identified in the salt-tolerant cultivar (Ramagopal, 1987). No differences in proteins were found in the roots of either cultivar. 

Marine toxins modify the functions of many different types of ion channels in animal cell membranes. These channels may be important for maintaining the cell s resting potential, for generating electrical membrane signals, such as impulses, and for controlling hormonally triggered or metabolic responses. Thus toxins may depolarize membranes, leading to a (sometimes transient) increase in cellular activities, or they may... 

KELLY G E, lOANNOU G E, REEDER A Y, NELSON 0 and WARING M A (1995) The Variable metabolic response to dietary isoflavones in humans. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 208, 40-43. 

GALLAHER D, scHNEEMAN B o (1986) Nutritional and metabolic response to plant inhibitors of digestive enzymes. Adv Exp Med Biol. 199 167-84. 

Graham, T. E. and Spriet, L. L., Performance and metabolic responses to a high caffeine dose during prolonged exercise, Journal of Applied Physiology, 71, 2292, 1991. 

A somewhat related sequence leads to trilostane (111), a compound that inhibits the adrenal gland more specifically the agent blocks some of the metabolic responses elicited by the adrenal hormone ACTH in experimental animals. Reaction of the hydroxy-methylene derivative 108, obtained from testosterone, with hydroxylamine gives the corresponding isoxazole (109). Oxidation of the C-4,5 double bond by means... 

The importance of having adequate supplies of NADPH for the regeneration of these various enzymes cannot be over emphasized. In normal situations this cofactor can be adequately provided by the reductive pentose phosphate pathway. Monitoring the activity of the pentose phosphate pathway has been proposed as a unique way to study the metabolic response to oxidative stress, since the glutathione peroxidase activity is coupled via glutathione reductase to the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (Ben Yoseph et ah, 1994). 

The growth yield coefficients can be calculated [56,58] by sub-dividing metabolism responsible for the whole process of growth and multiplication into ... 

Fig. 14. Action spectra for light-induced metabolic responses. (1) oxygen uptake in Chlorella200, and carotenogenesis of (S) Neurospora44), (4) Mycobacterium91), (5) Fusarium14l Curve (2) shows the absorption spectrum of an extract of Mycobacterium possibly containing the bluelight photoreceptor112). Compare curve (2) to the action spectrum (4)...

Diabetes results from a lack of insulin secretion by the pancreas. Without insulin, cells take up glucose very slowly. The lack of insulin results in an inability to use blood glucose for fuel. Consequently, the body behaves as if it were starving even though food is available. The metabolic responses of the untreated insulin-dependent diabetic are essentially the metabolic responses of starvation. 

Plants have the innate capacity, gained over eons of evolution, to actively respond to biotic and abiotic stresses in their environment. Many of the stresses that occur naturally are frequently mimicked by the operations that constitute the cultivation, harvesting, marketing, and consumption of fruits and vegetables. Metabolic responses induced by stress and that are adaptive in nature can result in reduced product quality. 

Figure 11.6 Initiation of a metabolic response to the binding of glucagon to its receptor. (1) glucagon cell surface receptor (2) G protein (3) adenylate cyclase. (See text for further detail)...

General descriptors may be related to the metabolism responses in the biofilm. Biofilm algae have several mechanisms to counterbalance the damage caused by the toxicants. Environmental stress produces oxidative damage in the cells, which can be tracked down by means of the analysis of many enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, etc.) that function as effective quenchers of reactive oxygen species (ROS). 

Sawyer, P.L. and A.G. Heath. 1988. Cardiac, ventilatory and metabolic responses of two ecologically dissimilar species of fish to waterborne cyanide. Fish Physiol. Biochem. 4 203-219. 

The Vo2 Do2 ratio (oxygen extraction ratio) can be used to assess adequacy of perfusion and metabolic response. Patients who are able to increase Vo2 when Do2 is increased are more likely to survive. However, low Vo2 and 02 extraction ratio values are indicative of poor 02 utilization and lead to greater mortality. 

G4. Gavin, J. J., Analytical microbiology. V. Metabolic response methods. Appl. Microbiol. 7, 180-192 (1959). 

Clark, C. A., Gardiner, J., McBurney, M. 1., Anderson, S., Weatherspoon, L. J., Henry, D. N., and Hord, N. G. (2006). Effects of breakfast meal composition on second meal metabolic responses in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 60,1122-1129. Cohen, L. A., Zhao, Z., Zang, E. A., Wyrm, T. T., Simi, B., and Rivenson, A. (1996). Wheat bran and psyllium diets Effects on N-methylnitrosourea-induced mammary tumorigenesis in F344 rats. /. Natl. Cancer Inst. 88, 899-907. 

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