Allyl plastic

Allyl plastics Amino plastics Anneal Assembly... 

Allyl plastics Group ofplastics composed of resins formulated by addition polymerization of monomers containing allyl groups (e.g., diallyl phthalate). 

Allylic plastics, which are produced by the polymerization of diallyl phthalate, have high heat deflection temperatures and high strengths. These cross-linked polyesters have solvent- and corrosion-resistant properties similar to those cited for alkyds. The properties of allylic plastics are shown in Table 15.3. 

Table 15.3 Thermal and Physical Properties of Allylic Plastics (Typical Values)...

There are two major allyl plastics, diallyl phthalate (DAP) and diallyl isophthalate (see Diallyl phthalate). Both of these are widely used in fiber reinforced forms. The allyl plastics are usually compression or... 

L-A-499, Allyl Plastic Sheets, Rods, and Tubes, August 27, 1952. 

There are two major allyl plastics, diallyl phthalate (DAP) and diallyl isophthalate (DAIP). Both of these are widely used in fiber RP forms. The allyl plastics are usually compression or transfer molded performing well in automated equipment (Chapter 5). They retain their physical and electrical characteristics under prolonged exposure to severe environmental conditions. They have high heat and moisture resistance, excellent electrical performance, good chemical resistance, dimensional stability, and low creep. These plastics are used where they provide environmental resistances. 

Thermosetting synthetic resins produced from esters of allyl alcohol or allyl chloride, also called an allyl plastic. 

To minimize the gradual embrittlement that can occur on aging of cyanoacrylate adhesives, plasticizers are added. Some of the materials, which have been used as plasticizers, include phthalates, phosphonates, acyl esters, succinates, and cyano-acetates. The use of allyl, methallyl, and crotyl phthalates is also claimed to improve thermal resistance properties in addition to plasticizing the adhesive [23]. 

Chemicals Based on Propylene 225 Propylene carbonate is a liquid used as a specialty solvent and a plasticizer. Allyl Alcohol (CH2=CHCH20H)... 

Allyl alcohol is used in the plasticizer industry, as a chemical intermediate, and in the production of glycerol. 

Allyl diglycol carbonate (CR-39) is the most highly scratch resistant of the transparent plastics. Unlike most of the other transparent plastics that are TP, CR-39 is a TS plastic that has been in use for over a half century in applications such as bullet-proof shields, high temperature steel blast furnace eye and face guards, aircraft window side panels, etc. Processing methods include injection molding and casting. 

Currently, these tests are of no practical value to the designer and the only approach to the problem of scratch, mar, and abrasion resistance is to simulate actual performance needs. For optical purposes, a cast sheet in the allyl family of plastics known as CR39 has been used as a standard of comparison in evaluating scratch and mar resistance of a material. The CR39 is used for eye lenses and other optical products where the advantages of plastics are a consideration. Coatings have been developed for polycarbonate, acrylics, and other plastics that dramatically improve the scratch and mar resistance of these materials. 

Examples for necessary process improvements through catalyst research are the development of one-step processes for a number of bulk products like acetaldehyde and acetic acid (from ethane), phenol (from benzene), acrolein (from propane), or allyl alcohol (from acrolein). For example, allyl alcohol, a chemical which is used in the production of plasticizers, flame resistors and fungicides, can be manufactured via gas-phase acetoxylation of propene in the Hoechst [1] or Bayer process [2], isomerization of propene oxide (BASF-Wyandotte), or by technologies involving the alkaline hydrolysis of allyl chloride (Dow and Shell) thereby producing stoichiometric amounts of unavoidable by-products. However, if there is a catalyst... 

Chemical reactions are used to modify existing polymers, often for specialty applications. Although of considerable importance for plastics, very few polymer reactions (aside from crosslinking) are important for elastomers. Chlorination and bromination of Butyl rubber to the extent of about one halogen atom per isoprene unit yields elastomers which are more easily crosslinked than Butyl rubber. Substitution occurs with rearrangement to yield an allylic halide structure... 

Uses Manufacture of acrolein, allyl compounds, glycerol, plasticizers, resins, military poison gas contact pesticide for weed seeds and certain fungi intermediate for pharmaceuticals and other organic compounds herbicide. 

Uses Preparation of epichlorohydrin, glycerol, allyl compounds, pharmaceuticals thermosetting resins for adhesives, plastics, varnishes glycerol and insecticides. 

Uses. In manufacture of allyl compounds, resins, plasticizers fungicide and herbicide... 

The concept is similar to the grafting of plants in botany. To form a styrene-butadiene graft polymer, already polymerized butadiene is dissolved in monomeric styrene and an initiator is added. Because polybutadiene readily undergoes chain transfer at the allylic sites, polystyrene chains grow on the polybutadiene backbone. This forms high impact polystyrene, a low cost plastic that is otherwise too brittle without the grafting. 

The methyl and ethyl ethers of the dianhydrides have properties which may make them useful as plasticizers. 2,5-Diallyl-dianhydro-sorbitol (XVII) and 2,5-diallyl-dianhydro-mannitol (XVIII) and the corresponding methallyl derivatives polymerize to resinous materials on being heated in oxygen.The allyl derivatives polymerize about five times as fast as the methallyl derivatives, to give products somewhat similar to that obtained by Nichols and Yanovsky by the polymerization of methyl tetraallyl-a-n-glucoside. 

The low refractive index monomer, diethylene glycol bis allyl carbonate, was prepared by Khandel et al. (4) and used in plastic ophthalmic lenses. 

Hydrolysis of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons. The production of oxygenated aliphatics by the hydrolysis of chlorinated hydrocarbons includes the synthetic glycerol process and the amyl alcohols process. Glycerol (7) is made from propylene via allyl chloride (CH2 CHCH2C1), and competes with glycerol made from fats and oils for use in dynamite and alkyd resins, as a tobacco humectant and cellophane plasticizer, in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, and for other applications. Amyl alcohols have been made since 1926 by the alkali hydrolysis of a mixture of amyl chlorides, made by the chlorination of pentanes from natural gasoline. Production from this source far exceeds the supply from the fusel oil by-product of fermentation processes. Amyl alcohol and its derivatives are used mainly as solvents. 

Other ethers suggested as plasticizers are the oligomers of epoxides—for instance, the polymers of glycerol allyl ethers and the polymers of 1,3-dioxolane. These products do not seem to have practical importance. 

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