Process improvements through

Saraiva, P.M. and Stephanopoulos, G., 1992a. Continuous process improvement through inductive and analogical learning. American Institution of Chemical Engineers Journal, 38(2), 161. 

Examples for necessary process improvements through catalyst research are the development of one-step processes for a number of bulk products like acetaldehyde and acetic acid (from ethane), phenol (from benzene), acrolein (from propane), or allyl alcohol (from acrolein). For example, allyl alcohol, a chemical which is used in the production of plasticizers, flame resistors and fungicides, can be manufactured via gas-phase acetoxylation of propene in the Hoechst [1] or Bayer process [2], isomerization of propene oxide (BASF-Wyandotte), or by technologies involving the alkaline hydrolysis of allyl chloride (Dow and Shell) thereby producing stoichiometric amounts of unavoidable by-products. However, if there is a catalyst... 

Saraiva, P. M., and Stephanopoulos, G., Continuous Process Improvement through Inductive and Analogical Learning, AIChE J., 38 161 (1992)... 

Hahn, G.J. (1976c), Process Improvement through Simplex EVOP, CHEMTECH, 6, 343-345. 

The identification of chemical finishes on fabrics can serve several purposes. Often a fabric with an unknown finish needs to be analyzed for forensic or competitive reasons. Fabrics that do not perform as expected need to be analyzed to determine if the correct finish was applied in the proper concentration. Regular analysis of production fabrics forms a basis for process improvement through application of statistical process control methods. 

Browning, R. A, The Labor Shortage, Patient Safety, and Length of Stay New Era of Change Agents Prompts Process Improvements through Lab Automation, JALA, Vol. 9, No. 1, 2004, pp. 24-27. 

Kock, NF. (2005). Business Process Improvement Through E-collaboration Knowledge Sharing Through the Use of Virtual Groups Hershey PA Idea Group Publishing. 

Increasing process yields through improved separation and recycling. 

Uses. A soluble form of magnesium nitrate is used as a fertilizer ia states such as Florida where drainage through the porous, sandy soil depletes the magnesium (see Fertilizers). Magnesium nitrate is also used as a prilling aid in the manufacture of ammonium nitrate. A 0.25—0.50% addition of magnesium nitrate to the process improves the stabHity of the prills and also improves durabHity and abrasion resistance. 

Catalysis can sometimes be improved through the use of microwaves, particularly pulsed microwaves (172). An important component of this process is beheved to be an appropriate metallized combination catalyst—susceptor (173). Microwave catalysis is an active area of research (174). 

Although carbon electrode production has been regarded as a mature business, the steady growth in demand and the need for improved electrodes has prompted ongoing development efforts in these areas (/) cost containment through raw material substitutions and process improvements (2) higher purity electrodes for those processes such as siUcon production (J) improvements in thermal shock resistance to enhance electrode performance and (4) better joining systems for prebakes. 

When chlorine dioxide is used for pulp bleaching in conjunction with the Kraft (sulfide) process for chemical pulping, by-product sodium sulfate can be used as a source of makeup sulfur and sodium consumed in the chemical cycle. The demand for sodium and sulfur in pulp bleaching is related to the loss of these chemicals through carryover in unbleached pulp. As process improvements have sought to reduce pollution from pulp mills, less sodium sulfate makeup is required. The trends in pulp bleaching to increase substitution of chlorine with chlorine dioxide have caused an oversupply of sodium sulfate, so that this by-product is often regarded as waste (81). 

The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) has a 30-year history of involvement with process safety for chemical processing plants. Through its strong ties with process designers, builders, operators, safety professionals and academia, the AIChE has enhanced communication and fostered improvement in the high safety standards of the industry. AIChE publications and symposia have become an information resource for the chemical engineering profession on the causes of accidents and means of prevention. 

Water injection in a dehydrogenation process Improvement of catalyst activity through water injection 84... 

Below, we focus on aids to R D project planning and process improvement, exploring the extent to which IT really can help managers to be more effective in decision making through simulation that fosters the ability to... 

Procedures should be established to periodically monitor all operations that may have an environmental impact, and similar scheduled periodic checks should be made to ensure that procedures and operations are still in line with regulatory and other requirements. If equipment is involved in the monitoring process then procedures should also be in place to ensure correct calibration. Procedures are also needed to record any preventative or corrective actions identified and to ensure that they are completed to schedule. The whole EMS should be audited periodically to check that it is consistent with the planned policy and has been properly implemented. The details of audits should be discussed and reviewed by management at the highest level with a view to continuous improvement through the modification of both policy and procedures. 

---