Allium sativa

Bulbs and corns are modified underground stems. They are collected when they are fully grown. Bulbs of Allium cepa and Allium sativa are used. Corm of Colchicum autumnale is the source of the drug. Dried seeds provide source of drugs such as Nux vomica and Ignatia. Lycopodium is produced from spores of the plant Lycopodium clavatum, Opium from the latex of the capsules of the poppy plant, Papaver somniferum and Carbo vegetabilis from the charcoal. Whole plants are also used for the preparation of drugs like Aconitum napellus, Calendula officinalis, Chamomilla, Phytolacca decandra (Cook, 1988). 

Alliin Allyl cysteine sulfoxide Allicin Allyl disulfide Diallyl disulfide Cysteine Allium sativa... 

Sengun, M.Y. and Karapinar, M. (2005a) Effectiveness of household natural sanitizers in the elimination of Salmonella Typhimurium on rocket (Eruca sativa Miller) and spring onion Allium cepa L.) . International Journal of Food Microbiology, 98, 319-323. 

In contrast to dicots, 65-75% of the hydroxy-L-prolyl residues in the hydroxy-L-proline-rich proteins from the primary wall of four monocot species, including Zea mays (pericarp), Avena sativa (coleoptile), Iris kaempferi (pericarp), and Allium porum (pericarp), are reported to have no arabinoside residues attached.231 Of the glycosylated hydroxy-L-prolyl residues, the majority are bonded to triarabinosides, although smaller proportions of tetra-, di-, and mono-arabinosides have also been detected.231... 

Seeds of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Roman), cress (Lepidium sativum L. cv. Comun), and onion (Allium cepa L. cv. Valenciana), were obtained from FITO, S.L. (Barcelona, Spain). Seeds of wheat and barley (Hordeum vulgare L) were obtained from Rancho La Merced, Junta de Andalucia, Jerez, Spain. All undersized or damaged seeds were discarded, and the assay seeds were selected for uniformity. Bioassays were carried out in 9 cm 0 plastic Petri dishes, using Whatman 1 filter paper as support. 

The general procedure for seedling bioassay was as follows 25 seeds of each species were placed per dish, excepting Hordeum vulgare (10 seeds per dish), with 5 mL of the test solution, and incubated in the dark at 25°C. Four replicates for each concentration were set up. Germination and growth time varied for each plant species Lepidium sativum, 3 days Lactuca sativa and Hordeum vulgare, 5 days and Allium cepa, 7 days. 

Petroselinum hortense PANILAIGTA Medicago sativa Arabidopsis thaliana Allium cepa Solanum lycopersicum Nicotiana tabacum Physcomitrella patens P seudomonas flucre sc. Streptcmyces griseus Prcchlcrcccccus marinus.LT.RGM... Synechcccccus sp. ALTLHG. 

Petroselinum hortense Medicago sativa Arabidopsis thaliana Allium cepa Solanum lycopersicum... 

Medicagc sativa Arabidcpsis thaliana Allium cepa Solanum lycopersicum Nicctiana tabacura Physccraitrella patens P seudomcnas flucre s Streptcmyces griseus... 

Test organism Hordeum vulgare (barley), Latuca sativa (lettuce), Pancurn miliaceum (millet seeds), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato), Cucumis sativus (cucumber), Glycine max (soybean), Brassica oleracea (cabbage), Avena sativa (oat), Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass), Allium cepa (common onion), Daucus carota (carrot), Zea mays (corn). 

There are five classes of fructans inulin, levan, mixed levan, inulin neoseries, and levan neoseries [26]. Inulin is a linear polysaccharide composed of (2-l)-P-D-fructosyl units (Figure 2.5a). Levan is a linear polysaccharide composed of (2-6)-P-D-fructosyl units (Figure 2.5b). Mixed levan is a branched polysaccharide composed of (2-1) and (2-6)-P-D-fructosyl units. Inulin neoseries is a linear polysaccharide composed of two inulin polymers that are connected together by a sucrose molecule. Levan neoseries is a linear polysaccharide composed of two levan polymers linked together by the glucose unit of the sucrose molecule. The type of fructan produced varies with plant species. For example, plants such as chicory (Cichorium intybus) and Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) in the Asteraceae family produce inulin. Plants in the Liliaceae family such as garlic (Allium sativum) produce inulin neoseries. Plants in the Poaceae family such as wheat (Triticum spp.), barley (Hordeum vulgare), and oats (Avena sativa) produce mixed levan or levan neoseries. 

Leek, Allium porrum, 546, 554 Lentil, Lens esculenta, 50 Lettuce, Lactuca sativa, 216,523, 656,... 

Oak see Quercus spp Oat see Avena sativa Oil palm—W. African see Elaeis guineensis Onion see Allium cepa Onobrychis sativa 233 Opium poppy see Papaver somniferum Opuntia 13 Orchids 7, 10, 13, 14 Oropetium thomaeum 126 Oryza sativa (rice) 2, 19, 23-31, 48, 52, 55, 133, 136, 151, 154, 179, 186-189, 223-228, 235, 269, 271-273... 

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