All-Hazards Planning

A plan to integrate federal domestic prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery plans into one all-discipline, all-hazards plan. 

Next, the team should make a determination of the potential for injuries or deaths that could possibly occur from an all-hazards approach to any catastrophic event at the school. The all-hazards planning approach focuses on developing capacities and capabilities that are critical to preparedness for a full spectrum of emergencies or disasters. This process can begin by addressing the following issues ... 

The production steps covered by the HACCP plan are described systematically in the form of a flow diagram. All hazards that may jeopardise the safety of the food are listed and it is decided which ones should be included in the analysis. 

Also indices such as the Dow Fire and Explosion Hazard Index and the Mond Index have been suggested to measure the degree of inherent SHE of a process. Rushton et al. (1994) pointed out that these indices can be used for the assessment of existing plants or at the detailed design stages. They require detailed plant specifications such as the plot plan, equipment sizes, material inventories and flows. Checklists, interaction matrices, Hazop and other hazard identification tools are also usable for the evaluation, because all hazards must be identified and their potential consequences must be understood. E.g. Hazop can be used in different stages of process design but in restricted mode. A complete Hazop-study requires final process plans with flow sheets and PIDs. 

Safety policies and procedures are documented, and Material Safety Data Sheets are provided for all chemicals used in the laboratory. In addition, a chemical hygiene plan that defines the safety procedures for all hazardous chemicals is written in detail. All laboratory personnel must review these policies on an annual basis. 

First of all, the CERCLA requires all hazardous waste releases over a prescribed threshold, known as reportable quantities (RQs), to be reported to National Response Center. Action is taken from that point to determine if it will be a CERCLA site. The CERCLA also established development of a National Contingency Plan. This plan includes all procedures for handling hazardous waste in the United States. The act also requires the creation of an uncontrolled hazardous waste site ranking system (HRS). The HRS determines if a site should be placed on the National Priorities List (NPL), which is a list of all the Superfund sites. 

RCRA-regulated facilities operated by the Dow Chemical Company characterize all hazardous and nonhazardous wastes generated on-site or received from off-site locations according to a waste analysis plan as required by RCRA and prepared in accordance with federal and state regulations.28 The waste analysis plan is a part of the RCRA permit for the facility and describes the procedures used to collect information needed for the storage, treatment, and disposal of waste either on-site or at an off-site facility. Specified in the waste analysis plan are the following elements ... 

Describe two principles of disaster planning, including the agent-specific and the all-hazards approach, and the basic components of a disaster plan. 

Regardless of the type of approach used by planners (agent-specific or all-hazard), all hazards and potential dangers should be identified before an effective disaster response can be planned. 

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). (1996). Guide for all-hazards emergency operations planning. Retrieved from http //www.fema.gov/pdf/rrr/slgl01.pdf... 

After 9/11, the federal government adopted a National Response Plan (NRP), built on the template of the National Incident Management System (NIMS), which adopts an all-hazards approach to emergency management, helping streamline a national response irrespective of the cause of the emergency (i.e., terrorist or natural DHS, 2004). The NRP applies to all incidents requiring a coordinated federal response and is scalable to the nature of the event. However, NRP maintains the local/state primary role in public health response, with a continued premise that state and local authorities will handle the first response. (A private-sector role is also envisioned.)... 

Strategic planning—These are planning activities that focus on preparing the organization for any type of threat. This is commonly referred to as the all hazards approach. 

An effective plan for delivering health and medical care in a mass casualty event should take into account factors common to all hazards (e.g., the need to have an adequate supply of qualified providers available), as well as factors that are hazard specific (e.g., guidelines for making isolation and quarantine decisions to contain an infectious disease). 

The program employs the all-hazards approach to disaster planning recommended by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, which states that disaster planning should take place at a system level as well as within the organization and community, and is competency based. 

FEMA is not the only culprit a breakdown occurred on all levels of government. According to the National Response Plan that establishes a comprehensive all-hazards approach to enhance the ability of the United States to manage domestic incidents, local, state, and federal authorities are all designated specific responsibilities and duties. The mayor is responsible for coordinating local resources to address the full spectrum of actions to prevent, prepare for, and recover from major disasters, accidents or acts of terrorism. He/she requests state and, if necessary, federal assistance through the governor of the state when the jurisdiction s capabilities have been... 

In former years, many efforts to promote safe practices consisted almost entirely of a campaign that alerted employees to the hazards in their workplace and urged them to work safely. The modem concept is that hazards that cannot be eliminated should be controlled, first by design and then by procedural means. Procedural means consist in relying on employees to perform tasks properly and safely. Use of procedures is a less desirable means of accident prevention than is good design but because all hazards cannot be eliminated by design companies rely on the safe practices of their workers. To ensure safe work practices by their employees, companies must have an effective safety promotion plan. 

Because all hazards cannot be eliminated by design, companies must rely on the safe work practices of their employees. To ensure safe work practices of their employees, companies will have to have an effective safety promotion plan. The plan should include employee participation in safety and safety training. 

FEMA, 1996. Guide for All-Hazard Emergency Operations Planning. State and Local Guide (SLG) 101. 

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