Terpenoid alkaloids

With the advent of modern techniques, instrumentation and automation in isolation and structural characterization, numerous antidiabetic compounds have been isolated, purified and identified from different natural sources, especially medicinal plants. This part summarizes promising natural chemical entities with diverse structures reported for their therapeutic activities against diabetes. These compounds are broadly categorized into alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolics, including compounds from other groups. 

A number of medicinal plants including Glycyrrhiza glabra, Silybum marianum, Picrorrhiza kurroa and Artemisia capillar is have been traditionally used for the treatment of hepatitis. These plants contain various compounds with unique structures such as alkaloids, terpenoids and polyphenols. To study the hepatoprotective phytoconstituents of medicinal plants is of value to provide a scientific basis for the traditional use. Additionally, the active constituents could be used as pharmacological tools for the study of the mechanisms underlying liver disease or as lead compounds for the development of new drugs for hepatitis. In fact,... 

Tel. 44-071-865-0066, fax 44-071-522-9621 Database of more than 80,000 alkaloids, terpenoids, antibiotics, peptides, carbohydrates, lipids, steroids, flavinoids, and related compounds. Dictionary of Organic Compounds. Dictionary of Analytical Reagents. On CD-ROM for PCs. 

Biologic Background Isoquinoline Alkaloids Terpenoid Indole Alkaloids Tropane Alkaloids Purine Alkaloids... 

There are two major classes of natural products primary and secondary metabolites. Primary metabolites are compounds that exist in all organisms and are involved in basal and vital metabolism (e.g., glucose, fatty acids, amino acids, etc.). Secondary metabolites, alkaloids, terpenoids, and flavonoids, are unique to a particular species and vary in their basic structures. Secondary metabolites are usually accumulated, as most of their end metabolites are in plants, but are excreted in animals and microorganisms and some of these are proven to have pharmacological and ecological significance. 

ABSTRACT In the synthesis of relevant organic compounds such as natural products and analogues, the proportion of the number of steps coupled with the increase of complexity is now a universal paradigm to ascertain the quality and efficiency of a process. Alongwith providing accessibility to a multitude of diversified classes of natural products such as alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids and others, these criteria have been addressed by us via the application of domino processes. The acid-catalyzed intermolecular cyclization has been used as a viable synthetic tool for the stereospecific formation of different classes of polycyclic natural products. 

Photochemistry Mass Spectrometry Carbohydrate Chemistry Amino-acids, Peptides, and Proteins The Alkaloids Terpenoids and Steroids Organophosphorus Chemistry... 

Recent progress in the characterization of numerous tannins has enabled the investigation of the biological activities of these compounds on the basis of structural differences in a way similar to that used for die other types of natural organic compounds such as alkaloids, terpenoids and flavonoids. Besides astringency, a fundamental property of tannins, based on strong affinity to biopolymers such as proteins and polysaccharides, various biological and pharmaceutical activities beneficial to human healdi, have been found. 

Toxins. Metabolic products from microorganisms, plants, or animals with a poisonous effect on mammals, especially, humans. T. are mostly immunogenic, i.e., they can induce the formation of specific antibodies (antitoxins) as a result of their antigen character. They belong to widely differing classes of compounds such as proteins, lipopolysaccharides, alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, aliphatic acids, biogenic amines, and guanine derivatives. 

Simple p-carboline alkaloids Terpenoid indole alkaloids... 

Geraniol Terpenoid alkaloids Terpenoid Aconitine Actinidine Atisine Gentianine skytanthine... 

Since ancient times, we are dependent on nature to continue our lives and prepare our basic requirements such as pharmaceutical compounds [9]. The use of natural compound s such as therapeutic strategies to fight against diseases is identified through folklore and is developed and approved by a plethora of recent studies. So, many natural products are currently in use [10]. During the last decades a revolution has occurred in the field of search for natural products with anticancer effect [11]. This phenomenon leads to an upsurge in finding of thousands of natural products with alkaloid, terpenoid, flavonoid, etc. skeletons which show anticancer properties in cellular and animal model system s and in humans [11]. 

Cyclopentene motifs are present in a number of biologically active molecules and natural products including terpenes and prostaglandins. As such, this rearrangement can provide rapid access to these cores in a step-economical process. Additionally, the use of substituted VCPs allows for the regio- and diastereoselective synthesis of cyclopentene building blocks that can be subjected to postreaction modification to access variety of complex molecular architectures. Finally, the introduction of heteroatoms in VCP moiety provides the opportunity to synthesize heterocyclic rings that are present in a variety of alkaloids, terpenoids, and other natural products. 

Natural Product Reports consists of critical reviews of literature that has been published, during well-defined periods, on the topics of general chemistry and biosynthesis of alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, fatty acids, and 0-heterocyclic. aliphatic, aromatic and alicyclic natural products. Occasional reviews provide details of techniques for separation and spectroscopic identification, and describe methodologies that are useful to all chemists and biologists actively engaged in the study of natural products. 

Higher plants produce diverse chemicals such as alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds (phenylpropanoids and flavonoids) in secondary metabolism. Among these chemicals, benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) are very important in medicine due to their high biological activities. However, extraction yields from plants are low because most of these metabolites accumulate at low levels in plant cells. There has been increasing interest in the microbial... 

Nature has been a source of medicinal agents for thousands of years. Compounds extracted from natural products have been used either as a new drug or a lead molecule to synthesize modem therapeutic agents in the treatment of variety of diseases for centuries. Pharmacologic activities have been found in different kinds of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, terpenoids, coumarins, flavonoids, and lignans, all firstly isolated from plants. 

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