Poly alcohols oxidation

Poly(ethylene terephtlhalate) Phenol-formaldehyde Polyimide Polyisobutylene Poly(methyl methacrylate), acrylic Poly-4-methylpentene-1 Polyoxymethylene polyformaldehyde, acetal Polypropylene Polyphenylene ether Polyphenylene oxide Poly(phenylene sulphide) Poly(phenylene sulphone) Polystyrene Polysulfone Polytetrafluoroethylene Polyurethane Poly(vinyl acetate) Poly(vinyl alcohol) Poly(vinyl butyral) Poly(vinyl chloride) Poly(vinylidene chloride) Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Poly(vinyl formal) Polyvinylcarbazole Styrene Acrylonitrile Styrene butadiene rubber Styrene-butadiene-styrene Urea-formaldehyde Unsaturated polyester... 

A large number of macromolecules complementary to PMAA, namely polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyridine, polyacrylamide, poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(ethylene oxide), oligoethylenimine, poly(sodium styrene sulfonate), polycations of the integral type ionen (2X) were used as P2 and P3. The pH of the media strongly influences the studied reactions of complex formation. For example, in PVPy + PVP + PMAA or OEI + PEO + PMAA systems in the add region, where weak polybases are completely protonized and PMAA does practically not dissodate, complexes with hydrogen bonds (PMAA-PVP or PMAA-PEO) are formed. In neutral medium weak polybases are partially ionizated and polyelectrolyte complexes (PMAA-PVPy, PMAA-OEI) are generated. In the alkaline medium formation of complexes has not been observed. 

Fatty acid polygiycol ester Fatty acids source oil xoconut Fatty acids source oihsoya Fatty acids source oil mixed Fatty alcohol/ethylene oxide condensate Fatty alcohol sulfates Fatty amide Fatty amide Fatty amide blend Fatty amides and cationic poly-ethylenes blend Fatty amide condensate Fatty amide condensate wax Fatty amidoquaternary Fatty amine Fatty amine... 

When poly-hydroxy alcohols are oxidized the first product is a compound in which one of the alcohol groups has been oxidized either to aldehyde or to ketone depending on whether the alcohol group is primary or secondary. 

From Poly-hydroxy Alcohols.—4. Poly-hydroxy alcohols by oxidation, yield poly-hydroxy acids. In this case, of course, only primary alcohol groups, ( —CH2OH), can yield carboxyl and these groups must, necessarily, be at the end of the carbon chain. The oxidation must be mild so that only one alcoholic group shall be affected. 

Some irreversible reactions quantitatively convert living polymers, but not dead ones, into unique products, detection of which is easily and quantitatively achieved. It is immaterial whether such a reaction proceeds with only one of the inter-convertible species or with all of them, as long as the inter-conversion is fast. The concentration of the resulting product measures then the total concentration of living polymers, whatever their state. For example, addition of Michler ketone to solutions of living poly-styrene converts their carbanionic groups into an alcohol readily oxidized to an intensely colored dye. The conversion is quantitative and applicable for analytic usage24. ... 

Polyoxyethylene (30) stearyl ether Poly-oxyethylene (40) stearyl ether Polyoxyethylene (50) stearyl ether Polyoxyethylene (100) stearyl ether Poly-oxyethylene monoootadecyl ether Steareth-7 Steareth-11 Steareth-13 Steareth-14 Steareth-15 Steareth-16 Steareth-2 Steareth-20 Steareth-21 Stear-eth-25 Steareth-27 Steareth-30 Steareth-40 Steareth-50 Steareth-100 Stearyl alcohol EO (10) Stearyl alcohol EO (20) Stearyl alcohol, ethoxylated Stearyl alcohol ethylene oxide (2) Stereal alcohol EO (2), Emulsifier for waxes and cosmetics. Used as an emulsifier, gellant, stabilizer, wetting agent, solubilizer for pharmaceuticals. Taiwan Surfactants. 

Oxidations. By using Phl=0 (in presence of KBr) as an oxidant, alcohols are oxidized to acids and ketones in water in excellent yields. When catalyzed by either poly(4-vinylpyridine)-supported sodium ruthenate or a (salen)chromium complex chemoselective oxidation of alcohols (e.g., allylic alcohols to alkenoic acids) occurs, which is contrary to the effect of (salen)manganese and (porphyrin)iron complexes (giving epoxy alcohols). ... 

Poly(vinyl alcohol) Poly(ethylene oxide) Poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Poly(ethylene oxide-h-propylene oxide)... 

Yang CC, Chiu SJ, Lee KT, Chien WC, Lin CT, Huang CA (2008) Study of poly(vinyl alcohol)/titanium oxide composite polymer membranes and their application on alkaline direct alcohol fuel cell. J Power Sources 184 44-51... 

Yang CC, Chien WC, Li YJ (2010) Direct methanol fuel cell based on poly(vinyl alcohol)/ titanium oxide nanotubes/poly(styrenesulfonic acid)(PVA/nt-Ti02/PSSA) composite polymer membrane. J Power Sources 195 3407-3415... 

Increased rates of production of about 500 m/min and higher filament dimensional stabilities can be achieved with extrusion spinning or gel or gel extrusion spinnings whereby 35%-55% solutions are spun. Examples of organic fiber formers are poly(acrylonitrile) and poly(vinyl alcohol). Aluminum oxide is an example of inorganic material. 

More recently, in the last 25 years, it has become increasingly apparent that, in addition to the major commodity synthetic plastics, water-soluble commodity and specialty polymers and plastics, such as poly(acrylic acids), polyacrylamide, poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(aIkylene oxides), and even some modified natural polymers, for example, cellulosics and starch, may potentially contribute to environmental problems and should also be targets for biodegradable substitutes. 

Although there has been much activity to produce totally biodegradable water-soluble polymers for a variety of applications, especially for detergents, few complete successes have been registered beyond poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(ethylene oxides), and poly(aspartic acids). Almost aU efforts to obtain carbon chain polymers that are completely biodegradable have failed, at least in the short-term testing protocols currently in use. Some promising leads are noted in condensation polymers, polyaspartic acids, and acetals and in the modihcation of natural polysaccharides. 

We have examined the interactions of seven uncharged polymers — poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), poly(acrylamide), poly(N,N-dimethyl-acrylamide), poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide] (PHPMA), poly-(vinyl alcohol), poly(ethylene oxide), and dextran — with multilamellar suspensions of DPPC or DPPG, under conditions similar to those used in the work described above. In none of these experiments have we observed significant changes in the phase transition behavior of the... 

To prevent the flocculation of the core nanoparticles, the dispersion contains a steric stabilizer, such as PVP, poly(ethylene oxide), poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(styrene sulfonate), hydrox ropyl cellulose, or methyl cellulose. 

In intercalation of polymer from solution mode of nanocomposite synthesis, the organically modified silicate is dispersed in a solvent in which the polymer is also soluble. The polymer then adsorbs onto the delaminated sheets followed by the evaporation of the solvent. When the solvent is evaporated, the sheets reassemble, which also trap the polymer chains in between. Thus, an ordered multilayer structure is usually formed using this approach. The polymer chains loose entropy in the process of intercalation, which is compensated by the increase in the entropy of the solvent molecules due to their desorption from the filler interlayers. The technique is mostly used for the intercalation of the water-soluble polymers Uke poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(ethylene oxide), poly(acrylic acid), poly(vinlypyrroUdone), etc. [20-24], Later on, the use of this technique was also undertaken in organic solvents for polymers nonsoluble in water [25, 26],... 

Another classification of polymers is based on the number of different types of monomers and their distribution along the polymer chain. Thus, polymers are classified as homopolymers, alternating copolymers, random copolymers, block copolymers, and heteropolymers. They are schematically represented in Figure 12.2. Homopolymers are made up of one type of monomeric unit. Well-known examples of synthetic homopolymers are poly(styrene), poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl chloride), poly (ethylene), poly (ethylene oxide), and so on. Various natural polysaccharides, such as amylose, cellulose, dextran, chitin, and others, belong to this class as well. Copolymers contain two (or a few more) types of monomers that may be... 

The mixture of the PAS and PEG aqueous solutions thus lost mutual solubility at more than given concentration and phased into two layers. Observation of a similar phenomenon was reported by Higashi ), et al., on a combination of poly (vinyl alcohol)/poly (ethylene oxide), poly (acrylamide)/poly (ethylene oxide), or poly (acrylamide)/ poly (acrylic acid) and so on. The aqueous solution of a combination of poly (2-vinylpyridinium chloride) and poly (ethylene oxide) was studied by M.M, Mario, et, al, and they made public a phase separation diagram of this system, which resembles the PAS/PEG system. The phase separation of the combination of two water soluble pol3nner mixtures was due to the result of the lost mutual solubility, and not of the formation of a polymer-pol3nner complex 3)4) such as poly (acrylic acid) and poly (ethylene oxide). 

Polymer Blends Incorporating PHA. The mechanical properties, morphology, biodegradability, and thermal and crystallization behavior of PHAs melt-blended or solvent-cast with nonbiodegradable pol5uners [such as poly(vinyl acetate)] and with biodegradable materials [such as wood cellulose fibers (21) and starch] have been reviewed (22). PHB blends with poly(ethylene oxide), poly(vinyl alcohol), poly (L-lactide), poly(D,L-lactide), poly( -caprolactone), poly(3-butyrolactone), P(HB-co-HV), and cellulose and starch derivatives have been... 

Alkanolamines are used as cross-linking and hardener accelerators in epoxy resins applications. Improved thermal and oxidative stability of polyvinyl alcohol, poly(phenylene ether), polystyrene, polypropylene, and polyethylene polymers are achieved by the addition of small amounts of the alkanolamines. Diethanolamine and morpholine act as initiators for the preparation of poly (alkyl methacrylate) in bulk or solution polymerization. The ethanolamines are efficient initiators for the preparation of polyvinyl chloride. Alkanolamines promote cross-linking of styrene copolymers with polystyrene or polyvinyl alcohol. Addition of alkanolamines to phenolic formaldehyde or urea formaldehyde resins affords improved electrical properties and increased water solubility. 

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