Fatty condensate

Avilene. [Nutex] Fatty condensation prod. highly cone. liq. softener. 

Compound FIN. [Nutex] Nonkmic fatty condensate softener, lubricant, dust control agent for textile industry. 

Kara Lube . [Rhone-Poulenc/Textile Rubber] Fatty condensate lubricant. 

Depcosperse LQD. (Gresco Mfg.] Non-kxiic fatty condensate eandrifier, dispersant, lubricant for h pressure dye-it ofjj yester. 

Chem. Descrip. Alkanolamine fatty condensate Ionic Nature Cationic... 

Perkin reaction A condensation between aromatic aldehydes and the sodium salts of fatty acids or their aromatic derivatives. The reaction between benzaldehyde and sodium ethanoate in the presence of ethanoic anhydride leads to sodium cinnamate... 

Fig. IV-17. A schematic phase diagram illustrating the condensed mesophases found in monolayers of fatty acids and lipids.

The effect is more than just a matter of pH. As shown in Fig. XV-14, phospholipid monolayers can be expanded at low pH values by the presence of phosphotungstate ions [123], which disrupt the stmctival order in the lipid film [124]. Uranyl ions, by contrast, contract the low-pH expanded phase presumably because of a type of counterion condensation [123]. These effects caution against using these ions as stains in electron microscopy. Clearly the nature of the counterion is very important. It is dramatically so with fatty acids that form an insoluble salt with the ion here quite low concentrations (10 M) of divalent ions lead to the formation of the metal salt unless the pH is quite low. Such films are much more condensed than the fatty-acid monolayers themselves [125-127]. 

Place 5 g. of lard (or any fat or fatty oil), 3 g. of potassium hydroxide and 40 ml. of alcohol in a 250 ml. round-bottomed flask, attach a reflux condenser, and boil for about 30 minutes. The reaction is complete when no globules of oil are present when a few drops of the mixture are mixed with a little water. Distil the reaction mixture (Fig. II, 13, 3) and recover the alcohol dissolve the residue in 75 ml. of hot water. C arry out the following experiments with the resulting solution —... 

Aldehydes fiad the most widespread use as chemical iatermediates. The production of acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and butyraldehyde as precursors of the corresponding alcohols and acids are examples. The aldehydes of low molecular weight are also condensed in an aldol reaction to form derivatives which are important intermediates for the plasticizer industry (see Plasticizers). As mentioned earlier, 2-ethylhexanol, produced from butyraldehyde, is used in the manufacture of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate [117-87-7]. Aldehydes are also used as intermediates for the manufacture of solvents (alcohols and ethers), resins, and dyes. Isobutyraldehyde is used as an intermediate for production of primary solvents and mbber antioxidants (see Antioxidaisits). Fatty aldehydes Cg—used in nearly all perfume types and aromas (see Perfumes). Polymers and copolymers of aldehydes exist and are of commercial significance. 

Fatty acids derived from animal and vegetable sources generally contain an even number of carbon atoms siace they are biochemically derived by condensation of two carbon units through acetyl or malonyl coenzyme A. However, odd-numbered and branched fatty acid chains are observed ia small concentrations ia natural triglycerides, particularly mminant animal fats through propionyl and methylmalonyl coenzyme respectively. The glycerol backbone is derived by biospeciftc reduction of dihydroxyacetone. 

Deodorization can be carried out ki batch, continuous, or semicontkiuous systems. Figure 4 shows a typical design for a semicontkiuous deodorizer. The heated ok is passed through a series of trays under vacuum. Steam is passed through the ok through a steam sparge ki the bottom of the tray. Volatiles are carried through the headspace and condensed. In addition to fatty acids and compounds responsible for odor, some tocopherols and sterols are also distilled kito the condensate. The amount of tocopherols distilled depends on deodorization temperature and vacuum. 

Fatty Held—Peptide Condensates. These proteia detergents are reaction products of fatty acid chlorides and hydrolyzed proteias. They are used ia shampoos because of their mildness on skin, hair, and to eyes when used alone or ia combination with alkyl surfactants (8). 

Hlkanolamides. The fatty acid alkanolamides are used widely ia shampoo formulations as viscosity and lather builders. They are formed by the condensation of a fatty acid with a primary or secondary alkanolamine. The early amides were compositions of 2 1 alkanolamine to fatty acid. Available technology allows the formation of amides with a 1 1 ratio of these additives. These amides are classified as superamide types. The typical amide used ia shampoo preparations usually contains the mono- or diethanolamine adduct, eg, lauric diethanolamide [120-40-1] (see Amides, fatty acid). 

The conversion of fatty alcohols is approximately 99%. The reaction product is then condensed and sent to a distillation column to remove water and high boilers. Typically, a-olefin carbon-number distribution is controlled by the alcohol composition of the reactor feed. The process is currentiy used to produce a-olefins from fatty alcohols. A typical product composition is at <5%, at 50—70%, C g at 30—50%, C2Q at <2%,... 

Mining. Numerous patents have advocated the use of alkanolamines in mining appHcations. Triethanolarnine has been used as a depressent in the flotation of copper (164), in the electrotwinning of gold (165), and as an aid in the froth flotation of nickel ores. Phosphate ore flotation has been improved through the use of a fatty acid condensate with ethanolamine (166). Beneficiation of tin ore has been accompHshed using fatty acid alkanolamides (167). 

Bisamides. Methylenebisamides are prepared by the reaction of the primary fatty amide and formaldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst. AijAT-Methylenebisoleamide has been made via this route without the use of refluxing solvent (55). Polymethylenebisamides can be made from fatty acid, esters, or acid haUdes with diamines while producing water, alcohol, or mineral acid by-products. Eatty acids and diamines, typically ethylenediamine, have been condensed in the presence of NaBH and NaH2P02 to yield bisamides (56). When stearic acid, ethylenediamine, and methyl acetate react for 6 h at... 

The adsorbed layer at G—L or S—L surfaces ia practical surfactant systems may have a complex composition. The adsorbed molecules or ions may be close-packed forming almost a condensed film with solvent molecules virtually excluded from the surface, or widely spaced and behave somewhat like a two-dimensional gas. The adsorbed film may be multilayer rather than monolayer. Counterions are sometimes present with the surfactant ia the adsorbed layer. Mixed moaolayers are known that iavolve molecular complexes, eg, oae-to-oae complexes of fatty alcohol sulfates with fatty alcohols (10), as well as complexes betweea fatty acids and fatty acid soaps (11). Competitive or preferential adsorption between multiple solutes at G—L and L—L iaterfaces is an important effect ia foaming, foam stabiLizatioa, and defoaming (see Defoamers). 

Carboxylic Amides. Carboxyhc amide nonionic surfactants are condensation products of fatty acids and hydroxyalkyl amines. 

It was estabhshed ia 1945 that monolayers of saturated fatty acids have quite compHcated phase diagrams (13). However, the observation of the different phases has become possible only much more recendy owiag to improvements ia experimental optical techniques such as duorescence, polarized duorescence, and Brewster angle microscopies, and x-ray methods usiag synchrotron radiation, etc. Thus, it has become well accepted that Hpid monolayer stmctures are not merely soHd, Hquid expanded, Hquid condensed, etc, but that a faidy large number of phases and mesophases exist, as a variety of phase transitions between them (14,15). 

Aston MS Refinex Onyx quaternized (cationic) fatty amine condensate... 

Manufacturing procedures for producing dye dispersions are generally not disclosed. The principal dispersants in use include long-chain alkyl sulfates, alkaryl sulfonates, fatty amine—ethylene oxide condensates, fatty alcohol—ethylene oxide condensates, naphthalene—formaldehyde—sulfuric acid condensates, and the lignin sulfonic acids. 

Vinyl esters are prepared by the reaction of a fatty acid with either acetjfene in direct condensation or vinyl acetate by acidolysis. 

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