Fatty amido amines

As may be seen from the above structures, the dimer-based liquid polyamides and monomeric fatty amido amines contain free amine groups that are available for further reaction. One such reaction is imidazoline formation, which occurs intermolecularly (9), The structure of imidazoline can be indicated diagrammatically as follows. 

Still another reaction that accounts for the major application of liquid polyamides and fatty amido amines is a curing agent for epoxy resins. These reactions and related applications will be discussed in detail later. 

The reactive dimer polyamides and fatty amido amines are liquid resins with many of the properties described above for solid polyamides. In addition, they are amine-like in that they are basic and form salts. They are more soluble than solid resins, although alcohols are still primary solvents. 

The reaction mechanism of liquid dimer polyamides and fatty amido amines with epoxy resins has been studied by Peerman et al. (27). who employed infrared spectroscopic analysis to determine reaction rates. They showed that the terminal epoxy content of a blend of amino-containing polyamide and epoxy resin disappeared more rapidly at 150 °C than does the epoxy content of blends of epoxy resin with triethylenetetramine or tris[(dimethylamino)-raethy1Jphenol. Both of these compounds are well-known for their fast cure at ambient temperatures. Correspondingly, the liquid polyamide or fatty amido amines-epoxy combinations cure slower than the other two systems at ambient conditions. 

The fluid dimer polyamides and fatty amido amines also react with phenolic resins (23). These reactions are significantly different from those of epoxy resins. With the heat-reactive phenolic resins, the aminopolyamide portions react with methylol groups. A carbon-nitrogen bond or cross-link is formed and a volatile byproduct, water, is produced. This reaction requires external heat to remove water. At temperatures near 150 °C the reaction proceeds smoothly. Since curing at elevated temperatures is required, the pot life or shelf life at room temperature is relatively long. The liquid dimer polyamide and fatty amido amines also react with alpha, beta unsaturated acids and esters (29) and with polyesters (30). The unsaturated esters reduce viscosity, lengthen useful pot life, and reduce heat of reaction. Thus, they are useful diluents when low viscosity is desired. 

By far the most important coatings that make use of liquid amino-containing dimer polyamides and fatty amido amines are what is referred to as epoxy-polyamide coatings. These coatings are used widely as maintenance paints. 

The epoxy-polyamide system may also provide a base for paper and board coatings applied by rotogravure or roller-coating techniques. It is useful for coating plastics and particularly valuable as a resin system for zinc-rich paints. It may be formulated with exempt solvents specified under Rule 66 (37). Higher solid formulations, particularly those formulated with fatty amido amines, are available. These formulations reduce solvent pollution and allow for higher film builds (37, 38). 

Chem. Descrip. Fatty amido-amine salt Ionic Nature Cationic... 

Fatty alcohol (co-softener), fatty acid ester (co-softener), fatty amides (co-softener), amido amines (co-softener), polyethylene terephthalate (soil release agent), PVP-type polymers, (dye transfer inhibitor)... 

Chem. Descrip. Complex fatty tertiary amido amine Uses Surfactant and corrosion inhibitor for oil field use Features Cationic surfactant props. 

Chem. Descrip. Oxidized and modified natural oils and fatty acids with modified amido-amines... 

The wide availability of relatively inexpensive dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA) allows surfactant producers to convert economic triglycerides, fatty acids and methyl esters into amido -functional tertiary amines that may then be quaternized with sodium chloroacetate to produce alkylamidopropyl betaines (see Figure 6.15). The most economically significant of these is cocamidopropyl betaine which can be produced from a variety of feedstocks and lauramidopropyl betaine which is generally produced from lauric acid. These are widely used secondary surfactants in consumer products such as shampoos, bath products, washing up liquids and other cleaners. 

Fatty Amine Source Coco Amido Propyl Dimethyl... 

A wide variety of amine condensates can function as foam boosters, wetting agents in aqueous/nonaqueous systems, emulsifiers, and dispersants. These are mainly reaction products of diethanolamine (DEA) or mono-ethanolamide (MEA) with fatty acids at a 2 1 ratio. Excess DEA converts both the amino and the amido ester to an active 2 1 product. 

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