Integral type

Integral-type pipe attachments in elevated temperature service are subjected to the same design, material, fabrication, and inspection requirements as the pipe to which they are attached. 

Each frame is designed for a maximum number of cylinders. The frame itself does not indicate the number of stages or the duty of the compressor. An individual frame can be used for many different sizes o compressor cylinders and for a wide range of applications. Frames are typically classified as separable (balanced-opposed) or integral-type, as shown m Figure 11-3. 

Figure 11 -3. Separable (balanced-opposed) compressor (top) and integral-type gas engine compressor (bottom).

A typical sorption experiment involves exposing a polymer sample, initially at an equilibrium penetrant concentration of c to a bathing penetrant concentration of Ci. The weight gain or loss is then measured as a function of time. The term sorption used in this context includes both absorption and desorption. The sorption is of the integral type if c° = 0 in the case of absorption or if cf = 0 in the case of desorption. Details of the experimental setup for the sorption measurement are discussed elsewhere [4],... 

This full set of self-consistent equations is clearly very difficult to solve, even numerically. However, good approximations of closed integral type have been proposed. These essentially ignore the s-dependence of the survival and orientation functions, which makes them a physically appeaUng approach in the case of wormlike surfactants [71,72]. For ordinary monodisperse polymers the following approximate integral constitutive equation results ... 

Neurochemicals distinguish the reductionistic-type sensory pathways from the integrative-type action circuitry. Sensory pathways commonly use the excitatory neurotransmitters glutamate or aspartate at virtually every relay. Most actions along these pathways are mediated by the fast acting glutamate receptors ofthe iontropicvariety (i.e., AMPA and kainate receptors). Acetylcholine is... 

This unit was designed as an integral type bomb pusher for launching 250-kg Bombs from ground launchers for land bombardment. Its motor weighed 429.2 lbs, while wt of proplnt was 178.2 lbs, consisting of 20 sticks of 343 Special DT2 which contd NC 65, NG 30, Et Centralite 3.0 NaCl 2.0%. It was ignited by... 

Figure 1.3. Integral type chromatogram from frontal analysis. Component A least absorbed of four components. ...

Figure 1.5. Integral type chromatogram from displacement development. Order of adsorption D> C > B >A.

A discussion of the various detectors employed in GC is covered in Chapter 5. Our purpose here is only to categorize the detection system according to whether they are an integral type system or a differential type system. This classification is an old one any detection system can be made integral or differential simply by a modification of the detector electronics. A more modern categorization would be instantaneous (differential) and... 

Viscoelasticity has already been introduced in Chapter 1, based on linear viscoelasticity. However, in polymer processing large deformations are imposed on the material, requiring the use of non-linear viscoelastic models. There are two types of general non-linear viscoelastic flow models the differential type and the integral type. 

Figure 4.1 shows the design of an integral-type flow reactor, which provides non-dissociated gaseous H202 supply to the reaction zone. Hydrogen peroxide occurs directly in the prereaction zone through a quartz tube separately from a substrate to be oxidized. 

One important difference between these detectors that has not been represented by any data presented here involves interactions among different electronic resolution elements. The vidicon and other integrating types of detectors are subject to charge... 

Second, integrating types of AD converters do not need a constant input voltage during conversion, hence no sample and hold circuit is needed if averaged digitized values are tolerable. 

In a sorption experiment, a film of a given polymer is exposed to vapor of a given penetrant substance at a given pressure and the gain or loss in weight of the film is measured as a function of time. In the present paper, the term "sorption will be used loosely for both absorption and desorption, unless otherwise specified. In the usual absorption experiment the film is initially free of penetrant, but in some cases the process of absorption is studied with a film initially equilibrated at a non-zero vapor pressure. Kokes, Long and Hoard (1952) have referred to this latter type of absorption as the "interval" type. This term, however, will not be used in the present paper. Most desorption experiments measure processes from non-zero initial concentrations to the zero final concentration, and hence are of the integral" type in the sense of Kokes et al (1952). 

This definition of the integral sorption differs from the one proposed by Kokes et al. (1952), who termed a sorption experiment with zero initial or final concentration the integral type. It should be noted that, in reality, no definite borderline can be drawn between the integral and differential experiments defined as above. 

The discussion developed above is concerned with differential absorptions, and information derived from it cannot be readily extended to absorptions of the integral type. Recent experiments [Odani, Kida, Kurata and Tamura (1961) Odani, Hayashi and Tamura (1961)] indicate that the absorption processes starting with a fixed initial concentration generally depend markedly upon the pressure increment of... 

Poly(sodium styrenesulfonate) Integral-type polycations 86-88... 

Poly(sodium vinylsulfonate) Integral-type polycations 96... 

On the other hand, when integral-type polycations (having cationic charges on the backbone chain) instead of pendant-type polycations, are used as strong polybases, different phenomena are observed. Tsuchida et al.m) discussed the interactions between NaSS and a series of integral-type polycations, called ionenes ... 

Fig. 4a, b. Effect of the structure of the polycation component on the yield of polyelectrolyte complexes, (a) Pendant-type polycation (QPVP)-NaSS (b) Integral-type polycation (3 X)-NaSS ... 

Figure 12 shows the effect of ionic strength on viscosity (a) and transmittance (b) of the mixed aqueous solution of PMAA and integral-type polycation, 2X. In contrast to the NaSS-2X complex, the PMAA (a > 0.5)-2X... 

The results of the substitution reaction of the integral-type polycation (2X)-PEO-PMAA system are shown in Fig. 44. The PEO-PMAA complex and the 2X-PMAA complex are preferably formed in the low or high pH region, respectively, whereas in the intermediate pH region the 2X-PEO-PMAA ternary complex is formed, but the yield of its precipitate is very low. Thus, in the 2X-PEO-PMAA system, a substitution reaction takes place due to the process described by Eq. (68). The decrease in the yield of the precipitate of the ternary complex is well explained by the following scheme ... 

Fig. 44. Transmittance as a function of pH of substitution reactions in the integral-type polycation (2 X)-poly-(methycrylic add) (PMAA)-poly-(ethylene oxide) (PEO) system...

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