Styrenesulfonic acid

The monomer 4-styrenesulfonic acid was prepared by dehydrohalogenation of -bromoethjibenzene—sulfonyl chloride. The potassium salt can be polymerized in aqueous solution (222). The sulfonation of cross-linked polystyrene beads is being carried out in industry with concentrated sulfuric acid. 

Polymerization and Spinning Solvent. Dimethyl sulfoxide is used as a solvent for the polymerization of acrylonitrile and other vinyl monomers, eg, methyl methacrylate and styrene (82,83). The low incidence of transfer from the growing chain to DMSO leads to high molecular weights. Copolymerization reactions of acrylonitrile with other vinyl monomers are also mn in DMSO. Monomer mixtures of acrylonitrile, styrene, vinyUdene chloride, methallylsulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, etc, are polymerized in DMSO—water (84). In some cases, the fibers are spun from the reaction solutions into DMSO—water baths. 

SG sols were synthesized by hydrolysis of tetraethyloxysilane in the presence of polyelectrolyte and surfactant. Poly (vinylsulfonic acid) (PVSA) or poly (styrenesulfonic acid) (PSSA) were used as cation exchangers, Tween-20 or Triton X-100 were used as non- ionic surfactants. Obtained sol was dropped onto the surface of glass slide and dried over night. Template extraction from the composite film was performed in water- ethanol medium. The ion-exchange properties of the films were studied spectrophotometrically using adsorption of cationic dye Rhodamine 6G or Fe(Phen) and potentiometrically by sorption of protons. 

Sodium dodecyl sulfate micelle 71,72,77,79 Spin label 139 Starch 100, 104 —, crosslinked 106 —, graft polymers 105, 107, 125, 127 Styrene 160—162 Styrene-divinylbenzene resins 167 Styrenesulfonic acid, copolymers 74—76 Surface area 147... 

For aqueous cement slurries a copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone and a salt of styrenesulfonic acid has been proposed [1585]. A naphthalene sulfonic acid salt condensed with formaldehyde serves as a dispersant. 

Polystyrene stereo structures, 70 180-183 Poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PSSA) 23 720 preparation of, 20 467-468 synthesis of, 23 535 Polystyrene Wang resin, coupling of aromatic... 

For amines absorption in an acid solution, or preferably adsorption onto an acid ion exchange column (acidified divinylbenzene-styrenesulfonic acid copolymer) is used. 10-50 1 of ambient air is sent over a wet 100 mmx 3 mm I.D. column the ion exchange polymer is put into a vial, made alkaline and the water solution is analysed on packed Carbowax-KOH GC-column with a thermionic selective detector (TSD), which is specific for nitrogen- and phosphorus-compounds. Trimethylamine is detected easily at 1 ppb. 

Figure 6. Synthetic scheme of polystyrene- ra/t-poly-styrenesulfonic acid copolymers.

PEDOT Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonic acid)... 

We have some evidence that this theoretical problem is a genuine limitation in the case of a quaternised styrenic monomer which is block copolymerised with NaVBA. This problem can be circumvented in two ways. Firstly, the polymerisation sequence can be simply reversed so that the longer block is synthesised first. If this is the quaternised block, the resulting copolymer cannot exhibit an isoelectric point because the major block is permanently cationic, thus no charge compensation can occur. On the other hand, if the longer block is anionic, then addition of HCl will protonate the acidic monomer residues and at some point an isoelectric point will be attained (unless the acidic block is strongly acidic, e.g. 4-styrenesulfonic acid). 

Salts of /3-styrenesulfonic acid have been prepared by the sulfonation of styrene with dioxane sulfotrioxide,2 by heating styrene with ammonium sulfamate,3 or by the reaction of styrene with sodium bisulfite in the presence of oxygen.4... 

PDADMA = poly(dialIyldimethylammonium chloride), PSS = poly(styrenesulfonic acid), PAMPS = poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-l-propane sulfonic acid), and PFPVP = 4-vinyl-trideca-fluoro-octyl pyridi-nium iodide-co-4-vinyl pyridine. 

A surfactant (dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid) was used. The use of carbon tetrachloride and trimethyloctadecanoylammonium chloride was also reported. A poly(styrenesulfonic acid) ion-exchange resin. 

Figure 8. Dependence of dextrin hydrolysis rates (v) on the substrate concentration in the presence of the block copolymer at 70°C. [Catalyst] = 1.00 X 10 2N. Catalyst (mole ratio of vinyl alcohol to styrenesulfonic acid units in the copolymer) (O) sulfuric acid (%) block copolymer No. 1 (1-4) (A) block copolymer No. 2 (9.8) (A) block copolymer No. 3 (22.1).

VA/VS = mole ratio of vinyl alcohol to vinyl- or styrenesulfonic acid units in the copolymer. 

Figure 7.8 Effect of various stationary phases on the separation of FITC-labeled peptides. VSA, poly(vinylsulfonic acid) PAA, polyacrylic acid and PS-SA, poly(styrenesulfonic acid) [24].

FIGURE 6.25 Scheme of a COMOSS column incorporated in a PDMS chip for CEC separation. A reverse-phase coating (poly[styrenesulfonic acid]) was bonded to the COMOSS column after silanization treatment of the PDMS surface. Since the usual solvent (toluene) for silanization cannot be used in PDMS, the surfactant, SDS, was used to help dissolve the silanes [360]. Reprinted with permission from Wiley-VCH Verlag. 

PVP, poly(4-vinylpyridine) QPVP, PVP partially quatemized by benzyl chloride (35%) NaSS, sodium poly(styrenesulfonic acid) PLL, poly(L-lysine). a Hexa-coordination configuration. 

P4VP = poly(4-vinylpyridine), PSS = poly(styrenesulfonic acid), PLL = poly(L-lysine), PMAA = poly(methacrylic acid), PGA = poly(L-glutamic acid), PVBMA = poly(4-vinylbenzyItrimethyl-ammonium chloride), 2X, 3X and 6X = integral-type polycations (see text)... 

In the methodology developed by us [24], the incompatibility of the two polymers was exploited in a positive way. The composites were obtained using a two-step method. In the first step, hydrophilic (hydrophobic) polymer latex particles were prepared using the concentrated emulsion method. The monomer-precursor of the continuous phase of the composite or water, when that monomer was hydrophilic, was selected as the continuous phase of the emulsion. In the second step, the emulsion whose dispersed phase was polymerized was dispersed in the continuous-phase monomer of the composite or its solution in water when the monomer was hydrophilic, after a suitable initiator was introduced in the continuous phase. The submicrometer size hydrophilic (hydrophobic) latexes were thus dispersed in the hydrophobic (hydrophilic) continuous phase without the addition of a dispersant. The experimental observations indicated that the above colloidal dispersions remained stable. The stability is due to both the dispersant introduced in the first step and the presence of the films of the continuous phase of the concentrated emulsion around the latex particles. These films consist of either the monomer-precursor of the continuous phase of the composite or water when the monomer-precursor is hydrophilic. This ensured the compatibility of the particles with the continuous phase. The preparation of poly(styrenesulfonic acid) salt latexes dispersed in cross-linked polystyrene matrices as well as of polystyrene latexes dispersed in crosslinked polyacrylamide matrices is described below. The two-step method is compared to the single-step ones based on concentrated emulsions or microemulsions. 

Table It. Representative compositions in the preparation of poly(styrenesulfonic acid) salt and poystyrene latexes...

Table 12. Molecular weight of poly(styrenesulfonic acid) salt prepared at 40 °C by the concentrated emulsion and solution methods...

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