Alcohols isobutyl alcohol

The most common chromatogram in the distilled spirits industry is the fusel oil content. This consists of / -propyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol. Other common peaks are ethyl acetate, acetaldehyde, and methanol. The gc columns may be steel, copper, or glass packed column or capillary columns. Additional analyses include deterrninations of esters, total acids, fixed acids, volatile acids, soHds or extracts (used to determine... 

Acetaldehyde, methanol, ethanol (major), ethyl acetate, n-pro-pyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, acetic acid, amyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol... 

Ethanol impurities ethyl acetate, methanol, n-propyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol... 

Go back to the temperature-mole fraction diagram for the isopropyl alcohol-isobutyl alcohol system (Fig. 140). The composition of the vapor is always different from that of the liquid, and we can separate the two compounds. If the composition of the vapor is the same as that of the liquid, that separation is hopeless. Since we ve used the notions of an ideal gas in deriving... 

Butyl alcohol can be obtained from carbohydrates (such as molasses and grain) by fermentation. Acetone and ethanol are also produced. Synthetic processes account for the majority of current-day production. Propylene and synthesis gas give -butyl alcohol. Isobutyl alcohol is a byproduct. 

Trichlorofluoromethane Freon 11 Fluorocarbon 11 Trichloropropane, 1,2,3 Secondary Alcohols Isobutyl Alcohol... 

UDMH is known to be miscible with the following wafer, benzene, triethyl benzene, toluene, kerosene, ethyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, n-butyl ether, n-amyl ether, n-hexyl ether, diethyl ether, petroleum ether, petroleum naphtha, n-heptane, n-hexane, n-octane, n-decane, n-dodecane, n-hexadecane, cyclohexane, 1,2-dimethyl cyclohexane, phenyl cyclohexane, n-tetradecane, trichloroethylene, dichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, triethyl amine, ethylenediamine, diethylene triamine, acetonitrile, aniline, cumene, tetra-hydronaphthalene, tetraethylene pentamine, ethylene glycol and hydrazine (Ref 4)... 

CHjCHjCHiCHjOH CH,—CHCHjBr —CH,—CH—CH,OH n-Butyl alcohol Isobutyl alcohol... 

MM paper in a system of isopropyl alcohol/isobutyl alcohol/ammonia/water (40 20 1 39), Rp 0.77-0.82. 

Geranyl pyrophosphate [763-10-0] M 314.2. Purified by paper chromatography on Whatman No 3 MM paper in a system of isopropyl alcohol/isobutyl alcohol/ammonia/water (40 20 1 39), Rp 0.77-0.82. Stored in the dark as the ammonium salt at 0°. 

Nelson and Curl (233) reported that benzaldehyde was the major volatile constituent in Montmorency cherry juice. Also, an alcohol, probably geraniol, was found in trace amounts. Recently, Stinson et al. (234) found low-boiling neutral compounds in Montmorency cherry essence. The most abundant compounds were ethanol and methanol, comprising 9.0 and 0.5% of the essence. Other compounds in the essence were acetaldehyde, diethyl ether, propionaldehyde, acetone, isobutyraldehyde, methyl acetate, and ethyl acetate. For the high-boiling components of Montmorency cherry essence, Stinson et al. (235) found that the major compounds were n-propyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, and benzaldehyde. Several other minor components were also identified in the essence. 

Ethyl alcohol Ethyl phthalate Hydrogen bromide Hydrogen chloride Hydrogen disulfide Isoamyl alcohol Isobutyl alcohol Nitrobenzene (crit.temp., upper layer, 40) o-Nitrobromobenzene (m.p. 42)... 

Isoamyl alcohol Isobutyl alcohol Isopropyl alcohol... 

Promotion of an SN2 displacement mechanism, and hence greater regioselectivity, may be effected by the addition of liquid bromine to a warm suspension of purified red phosphorus in the appropriate alcohol. The reaction is of general application with primary alcohols (isobutyl alcohol to hexadecan-l-ol) the yields are over 90 per cent of the theoretical, but with secondary alcohols the yields are in the range 50-80 per cent (Expt 5.55). This method is to be preferred to the direct use (rather than the in situ generation) of phosphorus tribromide which is the more hazardous reagent. The outline mechanism may be represented thus ... 

When starch is the starting material, there is obtained, in addition to ethyl alcohol, a smaller amount of fusel oil (German Fusel, inferior liquor), a mixture of primary alcohols mostly isopentyl alcohol with smaller amounts of /2-propyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and 2-methyl-1-butanol, known as active amyl alcohol amyl pentyl). 

In the case of parameters related to the effects of the medium Collander s relation (equation 42) has been shown to hold for many different compounds in many solvent systems (112-118). For example, partition coefficients between water and oleyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and xylene correlate well with partition... 

Go back to the temperature-mole fraction diagram for the isopropyl alcohol-isobutyl alcohol system (Fig. 175). The composition of the vapor is always different from that of the liquid, and we can separate the two compounds. If the composition of the vapor is the same as that of the liquid, that separation is hopeless. Since we ve used the notions of an ideal gas in deriving our equations for the liquid and vapor compositions (Clausius-Clapeyron, Dalton, and Raoult), this azeotropic behavior is said to result from deviation from ideality, specifically deviations from Raoult s law. Although you might invoke certain interactive forces in explaining nonideal behavior, you cannot predict azeotrope formation a priori. Very similar materials form azeotropes (ethanol-water). Very different materials form azeotropes (toluene-water). And they can be either minimum-boiling azeotropes or maximum-boiling azeotropes. 

Whatman No 3 MM paper in a system of isopropyl alcohol/isobutyl alcohol/ammonia/water (40 20 1 39), R+ 0.77-0.82. Store it in the dark as the ammonium salt at 0°. The -form crystallises in platelets from aqueous Me2CO, m 120°. It dissolves in dry MeCN. Alternatively purify it through a column of Dowex AG lx8(200-400mesh) equilibrated with 50mM NH4 formate, and elute with Me0H/H20/NH40H (95 5 05), then freeze-dry. [Dixit et al. J Org Chem 46 1967 1981. Beilstein 1IV 3580.]... 

Then the solid V4O9 (20 g) was suspended in 100 g of various fresh alcohols (isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, 2- butyl alcohol, 2- methyl-1- butyl alcohol, cyclohexyl alcohol or 2-ethyl-1-hexyl alcohol). The suspension was heated until 383K. (In the cases of isopropyl alcohol and 2- butyl alcohol, the suspension was heated until reflux.) Then, here added an ortho-H3PO4 (18.2 g) in the same alcohol (7.2 g) dropwisely for 30 minutes. The ratio of P to V was 1.13 for preparation of the precursor. After H3PO4 addition, this condition was kept for 5 hours (in the case of isopropyl alcohol, for 24 hours). Then the obtained slurry was filtered. Thus obtained solid was washed with acetone and was dried at 313 K for 15 hours. 

Butyl alcohol aec-Butyl alcohol tert-Butyl alcohol Isobutyl alcohol Ethyl sulfide... 

Toluene, xylenes, phenols, cresols, resorcinol, onitrotoluene, chlorobenzene and naphthalene have been condensed in the same way with isopropyl alcohol, rec-butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and cyclohexanol. 

Ethylenediamine p-Dioxane Butyl alcohol Isobutyl alcohol Benzene Toluene... 

Iodo-2-methylpropane /i-Butyl alcohol jec-Butyl alcohol tert-Buiyi alcohol Isobutyl alcohol Butanethiol Pyridine... 

Ethyl alcohol n-Propyl alcohol Isoproyl alcohol n-Butyl alcohol sec-Butyl alcohol Isobutyl alcohol t-.Butyl alcohol Amyl alcohol Isoamyl alcohol... 

Heptadecanol Heptanal Heptane Heptanoic acid Hexabromocyclododecane Hexachlorobenzene Hexachloroethane Hexadecene-1 Hippuric acid Hydroquinone bis (2-hydroxyethyl) ether Hydroxyethyl-s-triazine Hydroxylamine Isoamyl alcohol Isobutyl alcohol Isobutylaluminum sesquichloride Isobutylamine Isobutylcyclohexane Isobutylcyclopentane Isoheptane Isooctane Isoprenylaluminum Isopropyl acetate... 

Alcohols that contain more than two carbons are known as higher alcohols, or fusel oils. Isobutanol, n-propanol, isoamyl alcohol, and active amyl alcohol are produced in various proportions by various yeasts including Candida, Hansenula, Pichia, and Saccharomyces (Rankine, 1967 Edwards et al., 1990 Holloway and Subden, 1991 Webster et al., 1993 Lambrechts and Pretorius, 2000) and, potentially, play an important role in the sensory character of wine (Rankine, 1967). Sensory descriptors that are commonly used to describe higher alcohols include fusel (butanol), alcoholic (isobutyl alcohol), marzipan (active amyl alcohol and isoamyl alcohols), and floral or rose (phenethyl alcohol) (Lambrechts and Pretorius, 2000). 

Molds synthesize numerous compounds that impart odors and flavors to wines. Kaminski et al. (1974) reported that Aspergillus and Penicillium produced 3-methylbutanol, 3-octanone, 3-octanol, l-octen-3-ol, 1-octanol, and 2-octen-l-ol along with a number of higher alcohols (isobutyl alcohol and phenethyl alcohol), aldehydes (including benzaldehyde), and ketones. Among these odors, the authors determined that l-octen-3-ol, described as being musty or mushroom, was the most predominant and represented from 36.6% to 93.1% of the total volatiles produced. Other compounds possessing musty or moldy sensory attributes are also synthesized (Fig. 4.4). 

QH,0]- (CH3)2CCH20H Phot, of uranyl perchlorate in isobutyl alcohol/ Isobutyl alcohol (flow system) EPR/ 239 2.30 2H0 ,CH3) 1.74 74 Orel... 

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