Air Control Board

Chevron Permit AppHcations and Reports to the Texas Air Control Board for Alpha Olefins Plants NAOU-1791 and NAOU-1797, Chevron Research and Technology Co. 

The state of Texas controls chemical process ha2ards through its statute that estabUshed the Texas Air Control Board in 1965. In 1985, guidelines were estabUshed for evaluations of community impact of releases of 46 toxic chemicals, if Texas decides that a disaster potential exists (26). 

The chemical and solvent processes previously discussed remove acid ga from the gas stream but result in a release of H2S and CO2 when the solvent is regenerated. The release of H2S to the atmosphere may be limited by environmental regulations. The acid gases could be routed to an incinerator or flare, w hich would convert the HiS to SO2. The allowable rate of SO2 release to the atmosphere may also be limited by environmental regulations. For example, currently the Texas Air Control Board generally limits H2S emissions to 4 Ib/hr (17.5 tons/year) and SO2 emissions to 25 tons/year. There are many specific restrictions on these limits, and the allowable limits are revised periodically. In any case, env ironmental regulations severely restrict the amount of H S that can be vented or flared in the regeneration cycle. 

Durrenberger, C. Texas Air Control Board Report. 1974. Durrenberger, C.J. Texas Air Control Board. 1975 Wesley, R. A. The Cotton Ginners Journal and Yearbook 1975, 43 (1), 51-53. 

Houston (aqcr 216) Texas Air Control Board Deer Park 4515-60... 

Agency Los Angeles County Air Pollution Control District (LAAPCD) State Division of Air Resources State Bureau of Air Resources Texas Air Control Board... 

The first and second highest annual average nickel concentrations in the air in Texas between 1978 and 1982, according to the Texas Air Control Board, were 49 and 34 ng/m at Port Arthur and Beaumont, respectively (Wiersema et al. 1984). The statewide 1978-1982 average was 1 ng/m. Mean nickel levels showed relatively little geographic variation in Ontario where concentrations in southern, central, and northern Ontario were 0.81, 0.91, and 0.58 ng/m, respectively (Chan et al. 1986). 

With analytical methods such as x-ray fluorescence (XRF), proton-induced x-ray emission (PIXE), and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), many metals can be simultaneously analyzed without destroying the sample matrix. Of these, XRF and PEXE have good sensitivity and are frequently used to analyze nickel in environmental samples containing low levels of nickel such as rain, snow, and air (Hansson et al. 1988 Landsberger et al. 1983 Schroeder et al. 1987 Wiersema et al. 1984). The Texas Air Control Board, which uses XRF in its network of air monitors, reported a mean minimum detectable value of 6 ng nickel/m (Wiersema et al. 1984). A detection limit of 30 ng/L was obtained using PIXE with a nonselective preconcentration step (Hansson et al. 1988). In these techniques, the sample (e.g., air particulates collected on a filter) is irradiated with a source of x-ray photons or protons. The excited atoms emit their own characteristic energy spectrum, which is detected with an x-ray detector and multichannel analyzer. INAA and neutron activation analysis (NAA) with prior nickel separation and concentration have poor sensitivity and are rarely used (Schroeder et al. 1987 Stoeppler 1984). 

The Texas Air Control Board was responsible for monitoring emissions of hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide during all phases of the Sulphlex construction The measurements indicated that neither gas was present at levels near those which would pose a safety or environmental hazard during any phase of the operation. 

Clean Air Act (CAA 42 U.S. Code 7401 et seq.). States and state air control boards are required to implement regulations and develop state implementation plans (SIP) (137). Hazardous air pollutants (HAP), such as n-hexane, are regulated with National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) and criteria pollutants [e.g., ozone (O3), particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and lead (Pb)] are regulated with National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). 

Air permits must be obtained for any project that has the possibility of producing air pollutants. The Air Control Board (ACB) takes about three to eight months to complete the permitting process. After the ACB issues a permit, which will place limits on emissions, a yearly inspection is scheduled. 

S. Albu, "California s Regulatory Perspective on Alternate Euels," 13th North American Motor Vehicle Emissions Control Conf (Tampa, Fla., Dec. 11—14, 1990), Mobile Source Division, California Air Resources Board, El Monte, Calif. 

Air Quality Criteria forTead Supplement to the 1986 Addendum, U.S. EPA, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Washington, D.C., 1990. Technical Support Document to Proposed Airborne Toxic Control Measure for Emissions of Toxic Metalsfrom Non-Ferrous Metal Melting, State of California Air Resources Board, Stationary Source Division, Sacramento, Calif., 1992. 

In 1966, the Los Angeles Air Pollution Control Board designated trichloroethylene as a photochemically reactive solvent that decomposes in the lower atmosphere, contributing to air pollution. In 1970 all states were requited to submit pollution control plans to EPA to meet national air quaUty standards. These plans, known as State Implementation Plans (SIPS), controlled trichloroethylene as a volatile organic compound (VOC). They were designed to have each state achieve the National Ambient Air QuaUty Standard (NAAQS) for ozone. The regulations were estabUshed to control the emission of precursors for ozone, of which trichloroethylene is one. 

Technical Support Document Revisions to the Malfunction and Diagnostic System Requirements Applicable to 1994 and later New California Passanger Cars, Eight-Duty Trucks, andMedium Duty Vehicles with Feedback Fuel Control Systems (OBD-II), California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, Sept. 14,1989. 

California Air Resources Board. (1991). Employer-Based Trip Reduction A Reasonably Available Transportation Control Measure. Executive Office. Sacramento, CA Author. California Air Resources Board. (1995). Evaluation of Selected Projects Eunded by Motor Vehicle Registration Fees, Revised. Technical Support Document. Sacramento, CA Author. 

Serious research in catalytic reduction of automotive exhaust was begun in 1949 by Eugene Houdry, who developed mufflers for fork lift trucks used in confined spaces such as mines and warehouses (18). One of the supports used was the monolith—porcelain rods covered with films of alumina, on which platinum was deposited. California enacted laws in 1959 and 1960 on air quality and motor vehicle emission standards, which would be operative when at least two devices were developed that could meet the requirements. This gave the impetus for a greater effort in automotive catalysis research (19). Catalyst developments and fleet tests involved the partnership of catalyst manufacturers and muffler manufacturers. Three of these teams were certified by the California Motor Vehicle Pollution Control Board in 1964-65 American Cyanamid and Walker, W. R. Grace and Norris-Thermador, and Universal Oil Products and Arvin. At the same time, Detroit announced that engine modifications by lean carburation and secondary air injection enabled them to meet the California standard without the use of catalysts. This then delayed the use of catalysts in automobiles. 

California Air Resources Board California Department of Health Services California Energy Commission California Water Resources Control Board... 

Instruments based on differential ultraviolet absorption still need to be evaluated, and possibly modified, before their acceptance for monitoring ozone in polluted atmospheres on a nationwide scale. The California Air Resources Board and other air pollution control agencies are evaluating ultraviolet absorption with both chemiluminescence and potassium iodide instruments. 

The location of the probe necessitates careful design and documentation to ensure that surrounding environmental conditions do not interfere with the subsequent interpretations of the measurement data. Examples of such minimal site descriptions are given in Table 6-3. Some of this information is now included with all the data logged into the epa s National Aerometric Data Bank, and some was provided by the control agencies. An example of a site description in southern California based on the requirements of the California Air Resources Board is shown in... 

In California, the laapcd and the California Air Resources Board (CARB) both began continuous air monitoring for oxidants more than 20 years ago. Oxidant monitoring at urban sites was begun more than 5 years ago by the National Air Pollution Control Administration and continued by the epa. All these groups initially used instruments containing the same absorbing solutions, but their iodometric calibration methods differed in detail. 

Data are available back to 1963 from the downtown San Bernardino station operated by the county Air Pollution Control District (apcd). The colorimetric potassium io de method used to measure total oxidants was calibrated according to the method of the California Air Resources Board. A positive correction factor of 1.22 was used to adjust mountain data for the decreased air pressure at the higher elevation. 

The California Air Resources Board has prepared risk assessments for a number of toxic airborne compounds and mixtures, designated as toxic air contaminants, TACs (Table 16.15). For example, risk assessments for individual compounds such as benzene, benzo[a]pyrene (see Chapter 10), formaldehyde, and vinyl chloride have been carried out, in addition to complex mixtures such as diesel exhaust (California Air Resources Board, 1997a) and environmental tobacco smoke (California Environmental Protection Agency, 1997). These risk assessment documents form the basis for controls imposed as part of the risk management process (e.g., see Seiber, 1996). 

Pitts, J. N Jr A. M. Winer, K. R. Darnall, G. J. Doyle, and J. M. McAfee, Chemical Consequences of Air Quality Standards and of Control Implementation Programs, Final Report to the California Air Resources Board, Contract No. 4-214, May 1976. 

An important aid to the maintenance of good emission control over the useful life of each vehicle is the incorporation of on-board engine and emission control system diagnostics (OBD). These devices are combinations of sensors, computer diagnostics, and warning lights that alert the driver and maintenance personel to problems that affect emission control systems. Both the 1990 Clean Air Act and the California Air Resources Board (CARB) require that during the next few years, extensive OBD capability be built into new vehicles, as requirements for the performance of emission control systems. 

Montreal Protocol Clean Air Act Local air quality control boards... 

Limited use of other data has been made to supplement the SRL measurements. In 1967 a joint study was made by the National Center for Air Pollution Control, the California Air Resources Board Laboratory, and the Los Angeles County Air Pollution Control District. The objective of the study was directed toward improvement in detailed chemical measurement. It involved air sampling at two sites, downtown Los Angeles and Azusa. Some of the reduced data (85) have been used in the studies the LAAPCD monitors concentrations over a nine-station... 

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